Comparison of a standard psychiatric evaluation to rating scales and EEG in the differential diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of rating scales and electroencephalography (EEG) in detecting the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) within a diverse clinical sample. A standard psychiatric evaluation was used to assess 26 children/adolescents wh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Psychiatry research Vol. 152; no. 2; pp. 211 - 222
Main Authors:	Quintana, Humberto, Snyder, Steven M, Purnell, William, Aponte, Carolina, Sita, Janis
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 30-08-2007 Elsevier
Subjects:	Adolescent Adolescents Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology Attention deficit disorders. Hyperactivity Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Biological and medical sciences Child Child clinical studies Children Comorbidity Diagnosis Diagnosis, Differential Electroencephalography Electrooculography Female Humans Male Medical sciences Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - epidemiology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychometrics Psychopathology. Psychiatry Sensitivity and Specificity Psychometrics Electroencephalography Children Diagnosis Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Adolescents Human Evaluation Hyperactivity Electrophysiology Differential diagnostic Electrodiagnosis Attentional disorder Adolescent Attention disorder with hyperactivity Child Comparative study
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Summary:	Abstract The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of rating scales and electroencephalography (EEG) in detecting the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) within a diverse clinical sample. A standard psychiatric evaluation was used to assess 26 children/adolescents who presented to a clinic because a parent suspected the presence of ADHD. EEG data was collected in a blinded protocol, and rating scales were collected as well. Although all subjects had presented with ADHD-like symptoms, only 62% were diagnosed with ADHD, while the remaining 38% had other disorders or no diagnosis. Rating scales readily classified inattentive, impulsive, and/or hyperactive symptoms as being due to ADHD, regardless of the actual underlying disorder, leading to a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 22%. Previous studies have observed that there is an EEG marker that identifies ADHD vs. controls, and this marker was present in 15 out of 16 of the ADHD subjects (sensitivity = 94%) and in none of the subjects with ADHD-like symptoms due to other disorders (specificity = 100%). In the detection of ADHD in a diverse clinical sample, rating scales and EEG were both sensitive markers, whereas only EEG was specific. These results may have important implications to ADHD differential diagnosis.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0165-1781 1872-7123
DOI:	10.1016/j.psychres.2006.04.015