Central regulation of feeding behavior during social isolation of rat: evidence for the role of endogenous CART system

Objective: Although hyperphagia and body weight gain are well-recognized consequences of social isolation, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The aim of this work is to test the possibility that the endogenous cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) may be involved in...

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Published in:	International Journal of Obesity Vol. 35; no. 6; pp. 773 - 784
Main Authors:	Nakhate, K.T, Kokare, D.M, Singru, P.S, Subhedar, N.K
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group 01-06-2011 Nature Publishing Group UK
Subjects:	631/378/1488 631/378/1488/1562 706/689/523 Amphetamines Animals Antibodies Biological and medical sciences Body weight Body Weight - drug effects Body Weight - physiology body weight changes Care and treatment Cocaine Disease Models, Animal Eating - drug effects Eating - physiology Epidemiology Feeding behavior Feeding Behavior - drug effects Feeding Behavior - physiology Food food consumption food intake Health aspects Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Hyperphagia immunohistochemistry Injections, Intraventricular Internal Medicine Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mental depression Metabolic Diseases Nerve Tissue Proteins - pharmacology Nerve Tissue Proteins - physiology Obesity original-article overeating Peptides Public Health Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Science education social impact Social Isolation Socialization weight control weight gain India re-socialization body weight social isolation cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript hypothalamus food intake Amphetamine derivatives Rat Psychotropic Body weight Central nervous system Hypothalamus Encephalon Ester Regulation(control) Endogenous Messenger RNA Gene Amfetamine Drug of abuse Socialization Nutritional status Obesity Feeding behavior Nutrition CNS stimulant Rodentia Nutrition disorder Metabolic diseases Corporal biometry Vertebrata Mammalia Food intake Social isolation Animal Cocaine
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Summary:	Objective: Although hyperphagia and body weight gain are well-recognized consequences of social isolation, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The aim of this work is to test the possibility that the endogenous cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) may be involved in the process. Design: Socially isolated rats were screened for increase in food intake and body weight, and the modifications of these parameters by CART were evaluated. Furthermore, isolated animals were re-socialized and screened for reversal of these effects. Response of the endogenous CART system, in certain hypothalamic nuclei of the isolated and re-socialized rats, was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Subjects: Fifty days old naive male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Measurements: The effects of CART/CART antibody on the social isolation and subsequent re-socialization on feeding and body weight changes were monitored. Moreover, the immunohistochemical response of endogenous CART system to social isolation and re-socialization was analyzed morphometrically. Results: While social isolation of rats for a period of 6 weeks caused progressive increase in food consumption and body weight gain, these rats showed a significant reduction in food intake and body weight when injected daily with CART via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route, for the following 7 days. The re-socialization of isolated rats reduced food intake and body weight to the control levels. These effects of re-socialization were attenuated by immunoneutralization of the endogenous CART by i.c.v. CART antibody. Social isolation also resulted in a drastic reduction in CART immunoreactivity in the cells and/or fibers in the hypothalamic areas like dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral, paraventricular and arcuate nuclei, recognized for their role in feeding. On the other hand, the CART immunoreactivity profile was fully restored following 7 days of re-socialization of the isolation-reared rats. Conclusion: Social isolation might down-regulate the hypothalamic CART-containing system, which in turn may lead to increase in food intake and body weight.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.231 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0307-0565 1476-5497
DOI:	10.1038/ijo.2010.231