Social Isolation, Hospitalization, and Deaths from Cardiovascular Diseases during the COVID-19 Epidemic in São Paulo Metropolitan Area in 2020

The COVID-19 epidemic overloaded the São Paulo metropolitan area (SPMA) health system in 2020. The leading hospitals directed their attention to patients with COVID-19. At the same time, the SPMA Health Secretary decreed social isolation (SI), which compromised the care for cardiovascular diseases (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 19; no. 17; p. 11002
Main Authors:	Lima, Lucas Rodrigues de, Ponte, Paulo Francisco Auricchio da, Dias, Lucca Novais, Silvestre, Marcelo Henrique Lima, Suen, Paulo Jeng Chian, Mansur, Antonio de Padua
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 02-09-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Brazil - epidemiology Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cities Coronary artery disease Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Disease transmission Epidemics Fatalities Heart diseases Hospitalization Humans Ischemia Metropolitan areas Mortality Myocardial Ischemia - epidemiology Pandemics Patient admissions Regression analysis Social interactions Social Isolation Statistical analysis Stroke Trends Brazil COVID-19 social isolation cerebrovascular diseases mortality cardiovascular diseases hospitalizations ischemic heart diseases
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Summary:	The COVID-19 epidemic overloaded the São Paulo metropolitan area (SPMA) health system in 2020. The leading hospitals directed their attention to patients with COVID-19. At the same time, the SPMA Health Secretary decreed social isolation (SI), which compromised the care for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), even though higher cardiovascular events were expected. This study analyzed mortality from CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke, along with hospital admissions for CVD, IHD, stroke, and SI in the SPMA in 2020. Data regarding hospitalization and mortality from CVD were obtained from the SPMA Health Department, and data regarding SI was obtained from the São Paulo Intelligent Monitoring System. Time-series trends were analyzed by linear regression, as well as comparisons between these trends. there was an inverse correlation between SI and hospitalizations for CVD (R = 0.70; < 0.001), IHD (R = 0.70; < 0.001), and stroke (R = 0.39; < 0.001). The most significant hospitalization reduction was from March to May, when the SI increased from 43.07% to 50.71%. The increase in SI was also associated with a reduction in CVD deaths (R = 0.49; < 0.001), IHD (R = 0.50; < 0.001), and stroke (R = 0.26; < 0.001). Increased social isolation was associated with reduced hospitalizations and deaths from CVD, IHD, and stroke.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph191711002