Pomegranate Extract Potentiates the Anti-Demineralizing, Anti-Biofilm, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Non-Alcoholic Mouthwash When Associated with Sodium-Fluoride Trimetaphosphate

This study investigated the anti-caries and anti-inflammatory effects of mouthwash formulations containing (pomegranate) peel extract (PPE), sodium-trimetaphosphate, and low concentrations of fluoride. PPE was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (ellagic acid and punicalagin)....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Antibiotics (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 1477
Main Authors:	Fernandes, Gabriela Lopes, Vieira, Ana Paula Miranda, Danelon, Marcelle, Emerenciano, Nayara Gonçalves, Berretta, Andresa Aparecida, Buszinski, Andrei Felipe Moreira, Hori, Juliana Issa, Lima, Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de, Reis, Thaila Fernanda Dos, Lima, Jessica Aparecida de, Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo, Silva, Sónia Carina Morais da, Barbosa, Debora Barros
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 25-10-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Acids Alcohol free anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory agents Anti-inflammatory drugs antimicrobial Biofilms Cytokines Cytotoxicity Demineralization Demineralizing Dental caries Dental enamel Dentifrices Disease Ellagic acid Enamel Fluoride Fluorides High performance liquid chromatography Inflammation Instrument industry Interleukin 6 Interleukins Liquid chromatography Low concentrations Macrophages Methyl salicylate Microorganisms Mouthwashes Oral hygiene products Phenols Plant extracts polyphosphates Punica granatum Sodium Stability analysis Surface hardness Toiletries industry Toxicity Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α Brazil United States dental enamel anti-inflammatory antimicrobial Punica granatum fluoride polyphosphates
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Summary:	This study investigated the anti-caries and anti-inflammatory effects of mouthwash formulations containing (pomegranate) peel extract (PPE), sodium-trimetaphosphate, and low concentrations of fluoride. PPE was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (ellagic acid and punicalagin). Total phenolics were quantified among formulations, and their stability was analyzed for 28 days. The formulation effects were evaluated as follows: (1) inorganic component concentration and reduced demineralization on bovine enamel blocks subjected to pH cycling; (2) anti-biofilm effect on dual-biofilms of ATCC 25175 and ATCC 10231 treated for 1 and 10 min, respectively; and (3) cytotoxicity and production of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). The formulation containing 3% PPE, 0.3% sodium-trimetaphosphate, and 225 ppm of fluoride resulted in a 34.5% surface hardness loss; a 13% (treated for 1 min) and 36% (treated for 10 min) biofilm reduction in ; a 26% (1 min) and 36% (10 min) biofilm reduction in ; absence of cytotoxicity; and anti-inflammatory activity confirmed by decreased interleukin-6 production in mouse macrophages. Thus, our results provide a promising prospect for the development of an alcohol-free commercial dental product with the health benefits of that have been recognized for a millennium.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2079-6382 2079-6382
DOI:	10.3390/antibiotics11111477