Enteropathogens in acute diarrhea: a general practice-based study in a Nordic country

The epidemiology of infectious diarrhea influences the microbiological investigation of the disease, and is best elucidated through prospective studies. We undertook such a study in a Nordic country. Patients of all age groups who had acute diarrhea were recruited prospectively from general practice...

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Published in:	European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases Vol. 31; no. 7; pp. 1501 - 1509
Main Authors:	Hilmarsdóttir, I., Baldvinsdóttir, G. E., Harðardóttir, H., Briem, H., Sigurðsson, S. I.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-07-2012 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Age groups Aged Aged, 80 and over Animals Bacteria - classification Bacteria - isolation & purification Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Campylobacter Child Child, Preschool Cryptosporidium Diarrhea Diarrhea - epidemiology Diarrhea - etiology Diarrhea - microbiology Diarrhea - parasitology Epidemics Epidemiology Family physicians Feces - microbiology Feces - parasitology Feces - virology Female Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen General Practice Health care Humans Iceland - epidemiology Illnesses Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Infectious diseases Internal Medicine Laboratories Male Medical Microbiology Medical sciences Middle Aged Other diseases. Semiology Parasites Parasites - classification Parasites - isolation & purification Pathogens Prospective Studies Protozoa Questionnaires Rotavirus Salmonella Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus Surveys and Questionnaires Viral infections Virology Viruses Viruses - classification Viruses - isolation & purification Young Adult Iceland Denmark United States > US Germany Acute Diarrhea Diarrheal Disease Yersinia Enterocolitica Stool Test Stool Specimen Infection Microbiology Acute Diarrhea Digestive diseases Intestinal disease General practice
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Summary:	The epidemiology of infectious diarrhea influences the microbiological investigation of the disease, and is best elucidated through prospective studies. We undertook such a study in a Nordic country. Patients of all age groups who had acute diarrhea were recruited prospectively from general practice clinics in Iceland. They completed a questionnaire and provided stool samples for the detection of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Of the 464 recruited patients, 211 (45%) had 224 infections. The most common pathogens were calici- and rotaviruses (23% and 18% of 224 infections, respectively), Campylobacter jejuni (17%), Cryptosporidium species (12%), and Salmonella serotypes (10%). Other agents found were Giardia lamblia , astro- and adenoviruses, and Yersinia enterocolitica . Viral pathogens were associated with vomiting, illness for ≤7 days, and younger age groups, while bacterial pathogens were associated with fever, rectal pain, and local or foreign travel, and parasitic pathogens with illness for >7 days. Detection rates for viral infections in the elderly and for Cryptosporidium species were higher than expected. Our study indicates the existence of regional differences in pathogen prevalence that should be taken into account when implementing guidelines for stool testing in patients with acute diarrheal disease.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0934-9723 1435-4373
DOI:	10.1007/s10096-011-1470-0