Natural infection of the wild canid, Cerdocyon thous, with the piroplasmid Rangelia vitalii in Brazil

Natural infection of the wild canid, Cerdocyon thous, with the piroplasmid Rangelia vitalii in Brazil

Canine rangeliosis, caused by the piroplasmid protozoon Rangelia vitalii, is currently recognized as a reemerging disease that affects domestic dogs in Brazil. In the present study, piroplasmid infection was searched in wild canids (20 Cerdocyon thous and 4 Lycalopex gymnocercus) in Brazil. Molecula...

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Published in:Veterinary parasitology Vol. 202; no. 3-4; pp. 156 - 163
Main Authors: Soares, João F., Dall’Agnol, Bruno, Costa, Francisco B., Krawczak, Felipe S., Comerlato, Alexandra T., Rossato, Bruna C.D., Linck, Camila M., Sigahi, Eduardo K.O., Teixeira, Rodrigo H.F., Sonne, Luciana, Hagiwara, Mitika K., Gregori, Fabio, Vieira, Maria Isabel B., Martins, João R., Reck, José, Labruna, Marcelo B.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 28-05-2014
Subjects:
Animals
Babesia
Babesia - classification
Babesia - genetics
Brazil
Canidae - parasitology
Cerdocyon thous
Dog Diseases - parasitology
Dogs
Domestic dog
Female
Phylogeny
Piroplasm
Piroplasmida - classification
Piroplasmida - genetics
Piroplasmida - physiology
Protozoan Infections, Animal - parasitology
Protozoan Infections, Animal - pathology
Rangelia vitalii
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics
Brazil
Brazil
Rangelia vitalii
Piroplasm
Domestic dog
Cerdocyon thous
Babesia
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Summary:Canine rangeliosis, caused by the piroplasmid protozoon Rangelia vitalii, is currently recognized as a reemerging disease that affects domestic dogs in Brazil. In the present study, piroplasmid infection was searched in wild canids (20 Cerdocyon thous and 4 Lycalopex gymnocercus) in Brazil. Molecular analysis, based on PCR and DNA sequencing of a portion of the 18S rRNA gene, revealed that 30% (6/20) C. thous were infected by R. vitalii. Blood and bone marrow samples from one of the R. vitalii-infected C. thous were inoculated into a domestic dog, which developed clinical rangeliosis that was confirmed by molecular tests. However, the C. thous donor showed no clinical, hematological or biochemical alterations, even though its R. vitalii infection status was confirmed for at least 80 days. These observations suggest that R. vitalii is not as highly pathogenic for C. thous as it is for domestic dogs. Phylogenetic analysis inferred by the 18S rRNA gene placed R. vitalii embedded in the clade ‘Babesia sensu stricto’, consisting of a number of species that represent truly the genus Babesia. It is proposed that the species R. vitalii should be transferred to the genus Babesia. The present study expands our knowledge on the natural history of R. vitalii, suggesting that it might have a natural cycle involving the wild canid C. thous. Further studies are needed to confirm that C. thous is a natural reservoir of R. vitalii in Brazil.
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ISSN:0304-4017
1873-2550
DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.058