Eukaryotic nucleotide excision repair： from understanding mechanisms to influencing biology

Repair of bulky DNA adducts by the nucleotide excision repair （NER） pathway is one of the more versatile DNA repair pathways for the removal of DNA lesions. There are two subsets of the NER pathway, global genomic-NER （GG- NER） and transcription-coupled NER （TC-NER）, which differ only in the step in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Cell research Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 64 - 72
Main Authors:	Shuck, Sarah C, Short, Emily A, Turchi, John J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 2008 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	Animal models Animals Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Carcinogenesis Cell Biology Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Damage - physiology DNA Repair - genetics DNA Repair - physiology DNA Repair Enzymes - physiology Drug Resistance, Neoplasm - genetics Environmental factors Eukaryotic Cells - metabolism Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetics Humans Lesions Life Sciences Mammals Models, Biological Neoplasms - genetics Nucleic Acid Conformation Physiological responses Physiology Polymorphism, Genetic - physiology Protein Binding - physiology Protein Processing, Post-Translational - physiology review Xeroderma Pigmentosum - genetics 修复方式生物学 DNA damage recognition xeroderma pigmentosum global genomic NER nucleotide excision repair
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Summary:	Repair of bulky DNA adducts by the nucleotide excision repair （NER） pathway is one of the more versatile DNA repair pathways for the removal of DNA lesions. There are two subsets of the NER pathway, global genomic-NER （GG- NER） and transcription-coupled NER （TC-NER）, which differ only in the step involving recognition of the DNA lesion. Following recognition of the damage, the sub-pathways then converge for the incision/excision steps and subsequent gap filling and ligation steps. This review will focus on the GGR sub-pathway of NER, while the TCR sub-pathway will be covered in another article in this issue. The ability of the NER pathway to repair a wide array of adducts stems, in part, from the mechanisms involved in the initial recognition step of the damaged DNA and results in NER impacting an equally wide array of human physiological responses and events. In this review, the impact of NER on carcinogenesis, neurological function, sensitivity to environmental factors and sensitivity to cancer therapeutics will be discussed. The knowledge generated in our understanding of the NER pathway over the past 40 years has resulted from advances in the fields of animal model systems, mammalian genetics and in vitro biochemistry, as well as from reconstitution studies and structural analyses of the proteins and enzymes that participate in this pathway. Each of these avenues of research has contributed significantly to our understanding of how the NER pathway works and how alterations in NER activity, both positive and negative, influence human biology.
Bibliography:	Q25 31-1568/Q nucleotide excision repair, xeroderma pigmentosum, DNA damage recognition, global genomic NER ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1001-0602 1748-7838
DOI:	10.1038/cr.2008.2