The Effect of Number of Exposures on the Risk of Heterosexual HIV Transmission

The Effect of Number of Exposures on the Risk of Heterosexual HIV Transmission

Several studies of the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus have reported no association between transmission and number of exposures. In contrast, this study showed that for a susceptible sex partner, the number of exposures to an infected index case is indeed associated with t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 161; no. 5; pp. 883 - 887
Main Authors: Padian, N. S., Shiboskl, S. C., Jewell, N. P.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States The University of Chicago Press 01-05-1990
University of Chicago Press
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
AIDS
AIDS/HIV
Chi-Square Distribution
Coitus
Condoms
Contraceptive Devices, Male
Data transmission
Disease transmission
Epidemiology
Female
Heterosexual transmission
HIV
HIV Infections - transmission
Humans
Infections
International conferences
Linear Models
Major Articles
Male
Middle Aged
Predisposing factors
Probability
Regression Analysis
Risk Factors
Sexual Partners
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral - transmission
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Summary:Several studies of the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus have reported no association between transmission and number of exposures. In contrast, this study showed that for a susceptible sex partner, the number of exposures to an infected index case is indeed associated with transmission, but in a nonlinear fashion. Factors that can dilute an association between transmission and number of exposures include measurement error in calculating number of exposures, use of inappropriate statistical models, and failure to account for variations in transmission rates. For example, the practice of anal intercourse and the experience of bleeding during intercourse increase the likelihood of transmission. We also observed that transmission occurred with fewer exposures among couples who did not use condoms compared with couples who did. The number of exposures also affects the independent association between other risk factors and transmission and thus should be considered when analyzing other sources of risk.
Bibliography:ark:/67375/HXZ-DCZ602DG-P
Reprints and correspondence: Dr. N. S. Padian, Epidemiology Program, San Francisco General Hospital, Bldg. 90, Ward 95, 995 Potrero Ave., San Francisco, CA 94110.
Informed consent was obtained from all participants; protocols for this study were approved by the University of California, San Francisco. Committee for Human Research.
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ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6591
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/161.5.883