In Silico Designing of a Multitope Vaccine against Rhizopus microsporus with Potential Activity against Other Mucormycosis Causing Fungi

During the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dissemination of Mucorales has been reported globally, with elevated rates of infection in India, and because of the high rate of mortality and morbidity, designing an effective vaccine against mucormycosis is a major health priority, especially f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 11; p. 3014
Main Authors:	Soltan, Mohamed A, Eldeen, Muhammad Alaa, Elbassiouny, Nada, Kamel, Hasnaa L, Abdelraheem, Kareem M, El-Gayyed, Hanaa Abd, Gouda, Ahmed M, Sheha, Mohammed F, Fayad, Eman, Ali, Ola A Abu, Ghany, Khalid Abd El, El-Damasy, Dalia A, Darwish, Khaled M, Elhady, Sameh S, Sileem, Ashraf E
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 04-11-2021 MDPI
Subjects:	Adjuvants, Immunologic Antigenicity Antigens, Fungal - immunology Computational Biology Computer applications Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 vaccines Cross Reactions Cytotoxicity Defensins Disease transmission E coli Epitope Mapping Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - chemistry Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - immunology Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - chemistry Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - immunology Fungal Vaccines - chemistry Fungal Vaccines - immunology Fungi Humans Immunocompromised hosts immunoinformatics Infections Localization Lymphocytes T Microorganisms Models, Molecular Morbidity Mortality Mucorales Mucorales - immunology Mucormycosis Mucormycosis - prevention & control multitope vaccine Pandemics Peptide mapping Peptides Protein Conformation Proteins Rhizopus - immunology Serine proteinase Spore coats TLR2 protein Toll-Like Receptor 2 - chemistry Toll-like receptors Vaccines Vaccines, Subunit - chemistry Vaccines, Subunit - immunology Virulence factors COVID-19 pandemic immunoinformatics multitope vaccine mucormycosis epitope mapping
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Summary:	During the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dissemination of Mucorales has been reported globally, with elevated rates of infection in India, and because of the high rate of mortality and morbidity, designing an effective vaccine against mucormycosis is a major health priority, especially for immunocompromised patients. In the current study, we studied shared Mucorales proteins, which have been reported as virulence factors, and after analysis of several virulent proteins for their antigenicity and subcellular localization, we selected spore coat (CotH) and serine protease (SP) proteins as the targets of epitope mapping. The current study proposes a vaccine constructed based on top-ranking cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and B cell lymphocyte (BCL) epitopes from filtered proteins. In addition to the selected epitopes, β-defensins adjuvant and PADRE peptide were included in the constructed vaccine to improve the stimulated immune response. Computational tools were used to estimate the physicochemical and immunological features of the proposed vaccine and validate its binding with TLR-2, where the output data of these assessments potentiate the probability of the constructed vaccine to stimulate a specific immune response against mucormycosis. Here, we demonstrate the approach of potential vaccine construction and assessment through computational tools, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a proposed vaccine against mucormycosis based on the immunoinformatics approach.
Bibliography:	These authors are equally contributed to this work.
ISSN:	2073-4409 2073-4409
DOI:	10.3390/cells10113014