Characteristics of a Nationwide Voluntary Antibiotic Resistance Awareness Campaign in India; Future Paths and Pointers for Resource Limited Settings/Low and Middle Income Countries

Antibiotic resistance has reached alarming proportions globally, prompting the World Health Organization to advise nations to take up antibiotic awareness campaigns. Several campaigns have been taken up worldwide, mostly by governments. The government of India asked manufacturers to append a 'r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 24; p. 5141
Main Authors:	Tamhankar, Ashok J, Nachimuthu, Ramesh, Singh, Ravikant, Harindran, Jyoti, Meghwanshi, Gautam Kumar, Kannan, Rajesh, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Negi, Vikrant, Jacob, Lijy, Bhattacharyya, Sayan, Sahoo, Krushna Chandra, Mahadik, Vijay Kumar, Diwan, Vishal, Sharma, Megha, Pathak, Ashish, Khedkar, Smita U, Avhad, Dnyaneshwar, Saxena, Sonal, Nerkar, Sandeep, Venu, Vaishali, Kumar, Sandeep, Shandeepan, G, Ranjit Singh, Khundrakpam, Gashnga, Ridiamma, Kumar, Arvind
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 16-12-2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antimicrobial agents Antimicrobial resistance Awareness Brochures Communication Developing Countries Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Microbial Female Funding Government aid Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Promotion - methods Humans Hygiene India Infections Initiatives Low income groups Male Medicin och hälsovetenskap Middle Aged Participation Personal hygiene Pharmacists Public awareness Public health Public Health - education Questionnaires Socioeconomic Factors Surveys and Questionnaires World Health Organization India campaign characteristics electro–physical awareness campaign pedagogical and participatory techniques antibiotic resistance community radio stations India
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Summary:	Antibiotic resistance has reached alarming proportions globally, prompting the World Health Organization to advise nations to take up antibiotic awareness campaigns. Several campaigns have been taken up worldwide, mostly by governments. The government of India asked manufacturers to append a 'redline' to packages of antibiotics as identification marks and conducted a campaign to inform the general public about it and appropriate antibiotic use. We investigated whether an antibiotic resistance awareness campaign could be organized voluntarily in India and determined the characteristics of the voluntarily organized campaign by administering a questionnaire to the coordinators, who participated in organizing the voluntary campaign India. The campaign characteristics were: multiple electro-physical pedagogical and participatory techniques were used, 49 physical events were organized in various parts of India that included lectures, posters, booklet/pamphlet distribution, audio and video messages, competitions, and mass contact rallies along with broadcast of messages in 11 local languages using community radio stations (CRS) spread all over India. The median values for campaign events were: expenditure-3000 Indian Rupees/day (US$~47), time for planning-1 day, program spread-4 days, program time-4 h, direct and indirect reach of the message-respectively 250 and 500 persons/event. A 2 min play entitled 'Take antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor' was broadcast 10 times/day for 5 days on CRS with listener reach of ~5 million persons. More than 85%ofcoordinators thought that the campaign created adequate awareness about appropriate antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. The voluntary campaign has implications for resource limited settings/low and middle income countries.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Current Address: WHO Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Project, D Y Patil Hospital and Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India. Current Address: Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure assessment (water and soil), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462030, India.
ISSN:	1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph16245141