Effect of apple vinegar on folliculogenesis and ovarian kisspeptin in a high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rat

Effect of apple vinegar on folliculogenesis and ovarian kisspeptin in a high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rat

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) adversely affects reproduction. We aimed to study the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented with apple vinegar, on folliculogenesis in a rat model of NAFLD. Female rats were randomly divided into four groups (N = 28): Standard diet (SD), SD + vinegar...

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Published in:BMC endocrine disorders Vol. 22; no. 1; p. 330
Main Authors: Shams, Fahimeh, Aghajani-Nasab, Monireh, Ramezanpour, Mahsa, Fatideh, Razieh Habibipour, Mohammadghasemi, Fahimeh
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 23-12-2022
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects:
Acetic Acid - metabolism
Acetic Acid - pharmacology
Animals
Diet
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
Estradiol
Estrogen
Fatty liver
Female
High fat diet
Immunohistochemistry
Insulin Resistance
Kisspeptin
Kisspeptins - metabolism
Kisspeptins - pharmacology
Kisspeptins - therapeutic use
Liver
Malus - metabolism
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - drug therapy
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - etiology
Obesity
Ovary
Ovary - metabolism
Progesterone
Rats
Sex hormones
Type 2 diabetes
Vinegar
Iran
Germany
Kisspeptin
Obesity
Ovary
Sex hormones
Vinegar
High fat diet
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Summary:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) adversely affects reproduction. We aimed to study the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented with apple vinegar, on folliculogenesis in a rat model of NAFLD. Female rats were randomly divided into four groups (N = 28): Standard diet (SD), SD + vinegar, HFD, and HFD + vinegar groups. At the end of the study, biochemical tests were assessed in serum. HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessment-Insulin resistance) was calculated. Sex hormones were determined using an ELISA kit; ovary follicle counts were studied using histological methods. The proliferation index of granulosa cells was determined using immunohistochemistry. Kisspeptin expression in the ovary was detected using RT-PCR. The HFD induced steatohepatitis and NAFLD. The ovaries in the rat model of NAFLD were atrophied. The ovaries had less count of developing follicles and corpus luteum, and more degenerated and cystic follicles in comparison with the SD group. Vinegar + HFD consumption decreased ALT, compared to the HFD group (P = 0.004). Steatohepatitis was reduced in the Vinegar + HFD group (P = 0.001). Vinegar + HFD considerably reduced HOMA-IR (p = 0.01). The HFD + vinegar diet could increase estradiol (P = 0.001), without significantly affecting progesterone or testosterone. In addition, an increase of primordial follicles as an ovarian reserve and also primary follicles were determined in the HFD + vinegar group. There were no statistical differences in the granulosa cell proliferation index in various follicle types between groups. HFD + vinegar significantly enhanced ovarian kisspeptin expression (p = 0.04). The vinegar diet in a rat model of NAFLD raises estradiol, primordial, and small primary follicles, and increases ovarian kisspeptin expression indirectly. Insulin resistance and obesity were improved by apple vinegar, and anti-glycemic and anti-lipidemic effects were also determined. The supplementation of apple vinegar in NAFLD might be useful for ovary. However, it requires further investigation.
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ISSN:1472-6823
1472-6823
DOI:10.1186/s12902-022-01205-1