Calcifying nanoparticles associated encrusted urinary bladder cystitis
Encrusted cystitis is a subtype of chronic cystitis characterized by multiple calcifications in the form of plaques located in the interstitium of the urinary bladder mucosa and frequently associated with mucosal ulcers. It is a very rare disease of controversial etiology. Our transmission electron...
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Published in: | International journal of nanomedicine Vol. 3; no. 3; pp. 385 - 390 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Journal Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
New Zealand
Taylor & Francis Ltd
01-01-2008
Dove Press Dove Medical Press |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Encrusted cystitis is a subtype of chronic cystitis characterized by multiple calcifications in the form of plaques located in the interstitium of the urinary bladder mucosa and frequently associated with mucosal ulcers. It is a very rare disease of controversial etiology. Our transmission electron microscopy of the calcified plaques of encrusted cystitis has revealed that the smallest formed particles (elementary units) of these calcifications are electron-dense shells surrounding an electron lucent core, diagnostic of calcifying nanoparticles (previously called nanobacteria). We pioneer the notion that calcifying nanoparticles are the causative agents of encrusted urinary bladder cystitis. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Case Study-2 ObjectType-Feature-4 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3 |
ISSN: | 1176-9114 1178-2013 1178-2013 |
DOI: | 10.2147/IJN.S3559 |