Habitual Tea Drinking and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Turkish Women: Investigation of Prevalence of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Turkey (IPPOT Study)

Aim: In this epidemiological report, we assessed the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal Turkish women and the relationship between body mass index (BMI), and some nutritional factors (habitual tea, coffee, tobacco, and milk product consumption) with OP. Methods: This mu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal for vitamin and nutrition research Vol. 77; no. 6; pp. 389 - 397
Main Authors:	Kara, I. Hamdi, Aydin, S, Gemalmaz, A, Akturk, Z, Yaman, H, Bozdemir, N, Kurdak, H, Sitmapinar, K, Sencar, I. Devran, Basak, O
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Bern Hogrefe & Huber 01-11-2007 Kirkland, WA Toronto, ON
Subjects:	Age Distribution Aged Animals Biological and medical sciences Body Mass Index bone density Bone Density - drug effects Bone Diseases, Metabolic - epidemiology bone mineralization coffee (beverage) Coffee - adverse effects Cross-Sectional Studies dairy products dietary surveys disease prevalence Educational Status elderly epidemiology Estrogens - administration & dosage Feeding Behavior Feeding. Feeding behavior Female food intake Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Interviews as Topic literacy menopause Middle Aged Milk Nutritional Status Obesity - epidemiology osteopenia osteoporosis Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - diagnosis Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - epidemiology Postmenopause Prevalence Progestins - administration & dosage smoking (habit) Smoking - adverse effects Surveys and Questionnaires Tea tea (beverage) Turkey - epidemiology Urban Population - statistics & numerical data Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems women Turkey (country) Asia Turkey Human Prevalence habitual tea consumption Diseases of the osteoarticular system Turkey(bird) Drinking Postmenopausal women Epidemiology Osteoporosis Tea Vertebrata Food intake Education Postmenopause Female Bone mineral density Aves
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Summary:	Aim: In this epidemiological report, we assessed the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal Turkish women and the relationship between body mass index (BMI), and some nutritional factors (habitual tea, coffee, tobacco, and milk product consumption) with OP. Methods: This multicenter study was done in postmenopausal women residing in five big cities, in four different regions of Turkey between August and November 2005. An inclusion criterion was being in the postmenopausal period for at least 12 months. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by face-to-face interview, consisting of closed- and open-ended questions about demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and habits with two or more choices as possible responses. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed with a MetriScan Densitometer (Alara Inc., Ca, USA). Results: Seven hundred twenty-four women were included in the study. The mean age was 57.6 ± 9.6 years, and mean age at natural menopause was 46.4 ± 5.6 years. Of the participants, 51% were illiterate. According to WHO classification; 42.5% were normal in terms of BMD, 27.2% had osteopenia, and 30.2% had OP. Women with high education levels had better T-scores (p = 0.019). Increase in BMI also had a positive effect on T-scores (p < 0.0001). A linear correlation was found between age (r= -0.386, p < 0.0001), BMI (r = -0.175, p < 0.0001), and education (r = -0.317, p < 0.0001), with T-scores. The T-scores of women who consumed tea on a regular basis were found to be higher than non-consumers (-1.51 ± 1.68 vs. -1.09 ± 1.66; p = 0.070) [when smokers, those who received hormonal therapy (HT), and those > 65 years were excluded]. Conclusion: OP was determined in 1/3 of the women. Advanced age (> 65) and being illiterate were negative factors, while high education levels, being overweight, and being treated with HT had a positive effects on BMD. Habitual tea drinking also may have a positive effect on BMD. However, tea drinking was not found to be a statistically significant factor in the present study.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0300-9831 1664-2821
DOI:	10.1024/0300-9831.77.6.389