Effects of maternal LPS and developmental exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture on neuron number in the rat medial prefrontal cortex

The brain is especially vulnerable to environmental influences during the perinatal period. While the effects of environmental factors are usually studied in isolation, it is more typical to be exposed to multiple influences during early development, necessitating study of synergistic actions on the...

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Published in:	Neurotoxicology and teratology Vol. 104; p. 107370
Main Authors:	Riesgo, V.R., Sellinger, E.P., Brinks, A.S., Juraska, J.M., Willing, J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01-07-2024
Subjects:	Animals Cell Count Development Endocrine disruptor Female Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity Male Maternal Exposure - adverse effects Neuroglia - drug effects Neurons - drug effects Neurotoxicity Phthalic Acids - toxicity Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal Cortex - drug effects Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - chemically induced Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - pathology Rats Rats, Long-Evans Lipopolysaccharide Development Neurotoxicity Endocrine disruptor Prefrontal cortex
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Summary:	The brain is especially vulnerable to environmental influences during the perinatal period. While the effects of environmental factors are usually studied in isolation, it is more typical to be exposed to multiple influences during early development, necessitating study of synergistic actions on the developing brain. Both maternal infection and endocrine disrupting phthalates can decrease cell number in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region critical for executive functioning. In the present study, groups of pregnant Long Evans rats were treated with either (1) 100 μg/kg (i.p.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on embryonic days 15 and 16 combined with a low-dose (1 mg/kg) phthalate mixture throughout gestation and the neonatal period, (2) LPS alone, (3) phthalates alone, or (4) neither phthalates nor LPS (control). Neurons and glial cells were stereologically quantified in the mPFC. The adult offspring previously exposed to LPS or phthalates alone had reduced mPFC neuron number in exposed males, but not females, while the combination treatment did not produce significant effects. In males, LPS alone also reduced the number of glia in the mPFC. Additionally, the combination of LPS and phthalates resulted in fewer pregnancies to term and decreased litter size. These results provide insight into how common environmental factors can interact to alter the developmental trajectory of the mPFC. •The combination of maternal infection and phthalates decreased reproductive success.•Prenatal LPS and perinatal phthalate exposure reduced neuron number in male rats.•Prenatal LPS exposure reduced white matter volume in male rats.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0892-0362 1872-9738 1872-9738
DOI:	10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107370