Influence of glutamate and GABA transport on brain excitatory/inhibitory balance

An optimally functional brain requires both excitatory and inhibitory inputs that are regulated and balanced. A perturbation in the excitatory/inhibitory balance—as is the case in some neurological disorders/diseases (e.g. traumatic brain injury Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, epilepsy and substance ab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) Vol. 246; no. 9; pp. 1069 - 1083
Main Authors:	Sears, Sheila MS, Hewett, Sandra J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London, England SAGE Publications 01-05-2021
Subjects:	Animals Brain - metabolism gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism Glutamic Acid - metabolism Humans Minireview Neurons - metabolism Synaptic Transmission - physiology system xc GATs GABA transport Excitatory/inhibitory balance glutamate transport EAATs
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Summary:	An optimally functional brain requires both excitatory and inhibitory inputs that are regulated and balanced. A perturbation in the excitatory/inhibitory balance—as is the case in some neurological disorders/diseases (e.g. traumatic brain injury Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, epilepsy and substance abuse) and disorders of development (e.g. schizophrenia, Rhett syndrome and autism spectrum disorder)—leads to dysfunctional signaling, which can result in impaired cognitive and motor function, if not frank neuronal injury. At the cellular level, transmission of glutamate and GABA, the principle excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system control excitatory/inhibitory balance. Herein, we review the synthesis, release, and signaling of GABA and glutamate followed by a focused discussion on the importance of their transport systems to the maintenance of excitatory/inhibitory balance.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-2
ISSN:	1535-3702 1535-3699
DOI:	10.1177/1535370221989263