Improved Vertical Streambed Flux Estimation Using Multiple Diurnal Temperature Methods in Series

Improved Vertical Streambed Flux Estimation Using Multiple Diurnal Temperature Methods in Series

Analytical solutions that use diurnal temperature signals to estimate vertical fluxes between groundwater and surface water based on either amplitude ratios (Ar) or phase shifts (Δϕ) produce results that rarely agree. Analytical solutions that simultaneously utilize Ar and Δϕ within a single solutio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ground water Vol. 55; no. 1; pp. 73 - 80
Main Authors: Irvine, D. J., Briggs, M. A., Cartwright, I., Scruggs, C. R., Lautz, L. K.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Malden, US Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-01-2017
Ground Water Publishing Company
Subjects:
Estimates
Groundwater
Methods
Temperature
Water
Water Movements
Water temperature
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Analytical solutions that use diurnal temperature signals to estimate vertical fluxes between groundwater and surface water based on either amplitude ratios (Ar) or phase shifts (Δϕ) produce results that rarely agree. Analytical solutions that simultaneously utilize Ar and Δϕ within a single solution have more recently been derived, decreasing uncertainty in flux estimates in some applications. Benefits of combined (ArΔϕ) methods also include that thermal diffusivity and sensor spacing can be calculated. However, poor identification of either Ar or Δϕ from raw temperature signals can lead to erratic parameter estimates from ArΔϕ methods. An add‐on program for VFLUX 2 is presented to address this issue. Using thermal diffusivity selected from an ArΔϕ method during a reliable time period, fluxes are recalculated using an Ar method. This approach maximizes the benefits of the Ar and ArΔϕ methods. Additionally, sensor spacing calculations can be used to identify periods with unreliable flux estimates, or to assess streambed scour. Using synthetic and field examples, the use of these solutions in series was particularly useful for gaining conditions where fluxes exceeded 1 m/d.
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ISSN:0017-467X
1745-6584
DOI:10.1111/gwat.12436