Thyroid autoimmunity in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: a single-center experience

Thyroid autoimmunity in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: a single-center experience

Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and 4 phenotypes have been described in this syndrome. The aim of this work was to investigate the frequency of anti-thyroid antibodies (TAb) and thyroid function in the 4 phenotypes of PCOS. Patients This...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of endocrinological investigation Vol. 47; no. 12; pp. 3067 - 3076
Main Authors: Benelli, E., Marradi, M., Sciarroni, E., Di Cosmo, C., Bagattini, B., Del Ghianda, S., Simoncini, T., Fruzzetti, F., Tonacchera, M., Fiore, E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-12-2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Antibodies
Autoimmunity
Endocrinology
Estrogens
Genotype & phenotype
Hypothyroidism
Internal Medicine
Iodide peroxidase
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Original Article
Ovaries
Phenotypes
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Progesterone
Statistical analysis
Thyroglobulin
Thyroid
Thyroid gland
Thyroiditis
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Insulin resistance
PCOS
Phenotypes
Thyroid autoimmunity
Thyroid
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Summary:Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and 4 phenotypes have been described in this syndrome. The aim of this work was to investigate the frequency of anti-thyroid antibodies (TAb) and thyroid function in the 4 phenotypes of PCOS. Patients This study included 448 patients with PCOS: 260 (58.0%) with phenotype A, 119 (26.6%) with phenotype B, 38 (8.5%) with phenotype C and 31 (6.9%) with phenotype D. Results TAb positivity was detected in 90/448 patients (20.1%) and was statistically significant higher (p = 0.03) in the grouped phenotypes A-B (83/379, 21.9%) than in phenotypes C-D (7/69, 10.1%). Positive anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were detected in 74/448 (16.5%) patients and positive anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in 66/448 (14.7%) patients. Both TgAb and TPOAb positivity was higher but not statistically significant in phenotype A-B than phenotype C-D. High titer TgAb (> 100 UI/ml) frequency was significantly higher (p = 0.005) in grouped phenotypes A-B (39/379, 10.3%) than in phenotypes C-D (0/69, 0.0%), while no significant difference was observed for low titer TgAb (≤ 100 UI/ml). According to a binary logistic regression analysis hypothyroidism was significantly associated with TAb positivity (OR 4.19; CI 2.25–7.79; p < 0.01) but not with PCOS phenotype. Androgen profile was not associated with TAb positivity. Conclusion A higher frequency of positive TAb and of high titer TgAb and TPOAb have been detected in PCOS women with phenotypes A and B, probably in relation to the greater imbalances between estrogen and progesterone levels present in these phenotypes.
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ISSN:1720-8386
0391-4097
1720-8386
DOI:10.1007/s40618-024-02404-4