Effects of Different Doses of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Kidney Damage Among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Single-Center Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES:We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning reduces acute kidney injury (acute kidney injury) in high-risk patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and that the protective effect is confined to patients who exhibit an increased urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloprotei...
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| Published in: | Critical care medicine Vol. 48; no. 8; pp. e690 - e697 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
01-08-2020
Copyright by by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc |
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| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | OBJECTIVES:We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning reduces acute kidney injury (acute kidney injury) in high-risk patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and that the protective effect is confined to patients who exhibit an increased urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7 in response to remote ischemic preconditioning. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal intensity of remote ischemic preconditioning to induce required [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7] changes and further explore mechanisms of remote ischemic preconditioning.
DESIGN:Observational and randomized controlled, double-blind clinical trial.
SETTING:University Hospital of Muenster, Germany.
PATIENTS:High-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery as defined by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation Score.
INTERVENTIONS:In the interventional part, patients were randomized to receive either one of four different remote ischemic preconditioning doses (3 × 5 min, 3 × 7 min, 3 × 10 min remote ischemic preconditioning, or 3 × 5 min remote ischemic preconditioning + 2 × 10 min remote ischemic preconditioning in nonresponders) or sham-remote ischemic preconditioning (control).
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:The primary endpoint of the interventional part was change in urinary [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7] between pre- and postintervention. To examine secondary objectives including acute kidney injury incidence, we included an observational cohort. A total of 180 patients were included in the trial (n = 80 observational and n = 100 randomized controlled part [20 patients/group]). The mean age was 69.3 years (10.5 yr), 119 were men (66.1%). Absolute changes in [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7] were significantly higher in all remote ischemic preconditioning groups when compared with controls (p < 0.01). Although we did not observe a dose-response relationship on absolute changes in [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7] across the four different remote ischemic preconditioning groups, in the 15 patients failing to respond to the lowest dose, nine (60%) responded to a subsequent treatment at a higher intensity. Compared with controls, fewer patients receiving remote ischemic preconditioning developed acute kidney injury within 72 hours after surgery as defined by both Kidney DiseaseImproving Global Outcomes criteria (30/80 [37.5%] vs 61/100 [61.0%]; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS:All doses of remote ischemic preconditioning significantly increased [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7] and significantly decreased acute kidney injury compared with controls. High-dose remote ischemic preconditioning could stimulate [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7] increases in patients refractory to low-dose remote ischemic preconditioning. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 |
| ISSN: | 0090-3493 1530-0293 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004415 |