Identification of rosmarinic acid as the major active constituent in Cordia americana

Preparation from leaves of Cordia americana have been widely used in traditional medicine in South Brazil to treat wounds and various inflammations. The objective of this work was to identify the effective compounds in the ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves of Cordia americana, which is used...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of ethnopharmacology Vol. 128; no. 3; pp. 561 - 566
Main Authors:	Geller, F., Schmidt, C., Göttert, M., Fronza, M., Schattel, V., Heinzmann, B., Werz, O., Flores, E.M.M., Merfort, I., Laufer, S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 21-04-2010 Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Elsevier
Subjects:	5-LO Animals Anti-inflammatory anti-inflammatory activity Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase Biological and medical sciences Boraginaceae Brazil chemical structure Cinnamates Cordia Cordia - chemistry Cordia americana Depsides enzyme inhibitors Ethanol Fibroblast scratch assay fibroblasts General pharmacology herbal medicines high performance liquid chromatography Inflammation - drug therapy inhibitors Inhibitory Concentration 50 leaves lipoxygenase Lipoxygenase - metabolism Medical sciences medicinal plants Medicine, Traditional NF-kappa B - genetics NF-kappa B - metabolism NF-κB activation p38α MAPK Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments phytochemicals plant extracts Plant Leaves - chemistry quantitative analysis Rosmarinic Acid tissue repair TNFα transcription factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Brazil Cordia americana Fibroblast scratch assay TNFα 5-LO p38α MAPK Rosmarinic acid NF-κB activation Boraginaceae Anti-inflammatory Phenolic acid Identification Medicinal plant p38a MAPK Dicotyledones Angiospermae Transcription factor NFκB Tumor necrosis factor α Enzyme Pharmacognosy Transferases Cytokine Antiinflammatory agent Mitogen-activated protein kinase Cinnamic acid derivatives Plant origin Spermatophyta Fibroblast
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Summary:	Preparation from leaves of Cordia americana have been widely used in traditional medicine in South Brazil to treat wounds and various inflammations. The objective of this work was to identify the effective compounds in the ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves of Cordia americana, which is used in traditional South Brazilian medicine as anti-inflammatory and wound healing remedy. Isolation and structure elucidation techniques were performed in order to identify the compounds of Cordia americana and HPLC analysis was used for the quantification. The major constituent and the ethanolic extract were investigated for inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, p38α MAPK, TNFα release and NF-κB as well as in the fibroblast scratch assay. Rosmarinic acid ( 1) was identified as the major compound with an amount of 8.44% in the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cordia americana. The ethanolic extract as well as ( 1) exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase (IC 50 = 0.69 and 0.97 μg/mL, resp., IC 50 of BWA4C as reference: 0.3 μM) and p38α (IC 50 = 3.25 and 1.16 μg/mL, resp., IC 50 of SB203580 as reference: 0.046 μM) and moderate inhibitory effects on TNFα release. Slight effects were observed in the fibroblast scratch assay. This study increases our knowledge on the effective compound in Cordia americana and supports its use in traditional medicine. We demonstrated for the first time pharmacological effects of Cordia americana and we provide evidences for a crucial role of rosmarinic acid as the major key player.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.062
ISSN:	0378-8741 1872-7573
DOI:	10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.062