Serum proinsulin levels as peripheral blood biomarkers in patients with cognitive impairment

Serum proinsulin levels as peripheral blood biomarkers in patients with cognitive impairment

Insulin has long been associated with dementia. Insulin affecting the clearance of amyloid-β peptide and phosphorylation of tau in the CNS. Proinsulin is a precursor of insulin and its elevated serum levels are associated with peripheral insulin resistance that may reduce brain insulin levels. Our s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 22436
Main Authors: Saraya, Abhinbhen W., Tunvirachaisakul, Chavit, Sonpee, Chanikarn, Katasrila, Panticha, Sathaporn, Tanyares, Tepmongkol, Supatporn, Tangwongchai, Sookjareon
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 17-12-2023
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
631/378/2649
631/378/340
Aged
Biomarkers
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Dysfunction - drug therapy
Dementia
Dementia - drug therapy
Dementia disorders
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Insulin - metabolism
Insulin resistance
multidisciplinary
Peripheral blood
Phosphorylation
Proinsulin - metabolism
Prospective Studies
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Serum levels
Tau protein
β-Amyloid
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Summary:Insulin has long been associated with dementia. Insulin affecting the clearance of amyloid-β peptide and phosphorylation of tau in the CNS. Proinsulin is a precursor of insulin and its elevated serum levels are associated with peripheral insulin resistance that may reduce brain insulin levels. Our study aimed to assess differences in serum proinsulin levels between normal and cognitive impairment groups. Prospective recruitment of elderly participants was initiated from October 2019 to September 2023. Patients were divided into “cognitive impairment” and “normal cognition” group. All participants had blood drawn and serum proinsulin was measured at baseline and 12 months. Neurocognitive testing was performed every 6 months. A total of 121 participants were recruited. Seventy-seven were in the normal cognition group and 44 in the cognitive impairment group. The glycemic control and prevalence of diabetes type 2 was similar between groups. Baseline serum proinsulin levels were higher in the cognitively impaired group compared to the normal group at baseline (p = 0.019) and correlated with worse cognitive scores. We identified cognitive status, age, and BMI as potential factors associated with variations in baseline proinsulin levels. Given the complex interplay between insulin and dementia pathogenesis, serum biomarkers related to insulin metabolism may exhibit abnormalities in cognitive impaired patients. Here we present the proinsulin levels in individuals with normal cognitive function versus those with cognitive impairment and found a significant difference. This observation may help identifying non-diabetic patients suitable for treatment with novel AD drugs that related to insulin pathway.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-49479-2