Carotid-body modulation through meditation in stage-I hypertensive subjects: Study protocol of a randomized and controlled study

Adjunctive therapy for hypertension is in high demand for clinical research. Therefore, several meta-analyses have provided sufficient evidence for meditation as an adjunct therapy, without being anchored on reliable physiological grounds. Meditation modulates the autonomic nervous system. Herein, w...

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Published in:	Medicine (Baltimore) Vol. 102; no. 1; p. e32295
Main Authors:	Augusto, Tiago Rodrigues de Lemos, Peroni, Juliana, de Vargas, Wandriane, Santos, Priscilla Caroll, Dantas, Wendel, Padavini, Roberta Lazari, Koch, Rodrigo, Saraiva, Erlandson, Bastos, Marco Aurélio Vinhosa, Müller, Paulo de Tarso
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 06-01-2023
Subjects:	Adult Carotid Body Female Humans Hyperoxia Hypertension Male Meditation - methods Prospective Studies Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Study Protocol Clinical Trial Treatment Outcome
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Summary:	Adjunctive therapy for hypertension is in high demand for clinical research. Therefore, several meta-analyses have provided sufficient evidence for meditation as an adjunct therapy, without being anchored on reliable physiological grounds. Meditation modulates the autonomic nervous system. Herein, we propose a hierarchical-dependent effect for the carotid body (CB) in attenuating blood pressure (BP) and ventilatory variability (VV) fine-tuning due to known nerve connections between the CB, prefrontal brain, hypothalamus, and solitary tract nucleus. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the role of CB in the possible decrease in BP and changes in VV that could occur in response to meditation. This was a prospective, single-center, parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial with concealed allocation. Eligible adult subjects of both sexes with stage 1 hypertension will be randomized into 1 of 2 groupstranscendental meditation or a control group. Subjects will be invited to 3 visits after randomization and 2 additional visits after completing 8 weeks of meditation or waiting-list control. Thus, subjects will undergo BP measurements in normoxia and hyperoxia, VV measurements using the Poincaré method at rest and during exercise, and CB activity measurement in the laboratory. The primary outcome of this study was the detection of changes in BP and CB activity after 8 weeks. Our secondary outcome was the detection of changes in the VV at rest and during exercise. We predict that interactions between hyperoxic deactivation of CB and meditation; Will reduce BP beyond stand-alone intervention or alternatively; Meditation will significantly attenuate the effects of hyperoxia as a stand-alone intervention. In addition, VV can be changed, partially mediated by a reduction in CB activity. Trial registration numberReBEC registry (RBR-55n74zm). Stagepre-results.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:	1536-5964 0025-7974 1536-5964
DOI:	10.1097/MD.0000000000032295