Lutzomyia longipalpis Saliva Drives Interleukin-17-Induced Neutrophil Recruitment Favoring Leishmania infantum Infection
During bloodfeeding, the presence of sand fly saliva in the hemorrhagic pool where is also inoculated modulates the development of host immune mechanisms creating a favorable environment for disease progression. To date, information obtained through experimental models suggests that sand fly saliva...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 9; p. 881 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
08-05-2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | During bloodfeeding, the presence of sand fly saliva in the hemorrhagic pool where
is also inoculated modulates the development of host immune mechanisms creating a favorable environment for disease progression. To date, information obtained through experimental models suggests that sand fly saliva induces cellular recruitment and modulates production of eicosanoids. However, the effect of sand fly saliva in the different steps of the inflammatory response triggered by
remains undefined. Here we further investigate if interaction of
salivary gland sonicate (SGS) with different host cells present during the initial inflammatory events regulate
infectivity. Initially, we observed that incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with
SGS in the presence of
significantly increased IL-10 but did not alter expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD4
T cells induced by the parasite alone. Interestingly, incubation of PBMC with
SGS alone or in the presence of
resulted in increased IL-17 production. The presence of IL-17 is related to neutrophil recruitment and plays an important role at the site of infection. Here, we also observed increased migration of neutrophil using an
chemotactic assay following incubation with supernatants from PBMC stimulated with
and
SGS. Neutrophil migration was abrogated following neutralization of IL-17 with specific antibodies. Moreover, culture of human neutrophils with
in the presence of
SGS promoted neutrophil apoptosis resulting in increased parasite viability. Neutrophils operate as the first line of defense in the early stages of infection and later interact with different cells, such as macrophages. The crosstalk between neutrophils and macrophages is critical to determine the type of specific immune response that will develop. Here, we observed that co-culture of human macrophages with autologous neutrophils previously infected in the presence of
SGS resulted in a higher infection rate, accompanied by increased production of TGF-β and PGE
. Our results provide new insight into the contribution of
SGS to
-induced regulation of important inflammatory events, creating a favorable environment for parasite survival inside different host cells. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 This article was submitted to Microbial Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology Reviewed by: Marisa Mariel Fernandez, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Argentina; Juliana Dutra Barbosa Da Rocha, University of Toronto, Canada These authors have contributed equally to this work. Edited by: Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| ISSN: | 1664-302X 1664-302X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00881 |