Changes in glucose uptake rate and in the energy status of PC-12 cells acutely exposed to hexavalent chromium, an established human carcinogen

Changes in glucose uptake rate and in the energy status of PC-12 cells acutely exposed to hexavalent chromium, an established human carcinogen

In the 1920s, Otto Warburg reported a striking metabolic shift in solid tumors: contrary to their normal counter parts, which exhibited a nearly pure respiratory metabolism, where cancer cells relied strongly on lactic fermentation for energy production, even in the presence of ample oxygen. This me...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicological and environmental chemistry Vol. 93; no. 6; pp. 1202 - 1211
Main Authors: Gonçalves, Maria João, Santos, Ana Catarina Calado, Rodrigues, Carlos Fernando Dias, Coelho, Pedro, Costa, André Nuno, Guiomar, António Jorge, Santos, Maria Sancha, Alpoim, Maria Carmen, Urbano, Ana Margarida
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis Group 01-07-2011
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:
Cancer
carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
Cells
Cellular
Charge
Chemical compounds
chromate-induced carcinogenesis
chromium
energy
energy charge
Glucose
Hexavalent chromium
humans
lactate production
lactic fermentation
Metabolism
neoplasms
Oxygen
oxygen consumption
oxygen production
phenotype
physiological state
Tumors
Uptakes
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Summary:In the 1920s, Otto Warburg reported a striking metabolic shift in solid tumors: contrary to their normal counter parts, which exhibited a nearly pure respiratory metabolism, where cancer cells relied strongly on lactic fermentation for energy production, even in the presence of ample oxygen. This metabolic shift, later named the Warburg effect, is now viewed as a nearly universal cancer phenotype. To investigate whether it is operating in hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-induced carcinogenesis, PC-12 cells were exposed to low Cr(VI) concentrations and effects determined on the rates of glucose uptake, lactate production and oxygen consumption, critical indicators of the type of energy metabolism adopted by the cells. Further, the influence on the cells’ energy charge, an important parameter in the evaluation of the cellular physiological state was assessed. In the presence of ample oxygen, concentration-dependent, statistically significant decreases in the energy charge were detected, which were accompanied by an increased glucose uptake rate. This enhanced uptake may constitute the first step in a compensatory mechanism aimed at counteracting the decrease in energy charge. Although these changes may be too small to exert an impact in the cellular functions, they may provide insight into the initial steps of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2011.581340
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ISSN:1029-0486
0277-2248
1029-0486
DOI:10.1080/02772248.2011.581340