Updates in inspiratory muscle training for older adults: A systematic review

•The benefits of inspiratory muscle training for older adults are beyond physical capacity;.•Inspiratory muscle training improves cardiac autonomic control and endothelial function;.•Inspiratory muscle training reduces postural instability while enhancing cerebrovascular control;.•Inspiratory muscle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Archives of gerontology and geriatrics Vol. 127; p. 105579
Main Authors:	Mello, Elissa Silva de Farias, Oliveira, André Luiz Musmanno Branco, Santanna, Thais Dillinger Conway, Soares, Pedro Paulo da Silva, Rodrigues, Gabriel Dias
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-12-2024
Subjects:	Aged Aging Aging - physiology Blood pressure Breathing Exercises - methods Humans Postural balance Postural Balance - physiology Respiratory muscle training Respiratory muscles Respiratory Muscles - physiology Aging Respiratory muscles Blood pressure Postural balance Respiratory muscle training
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Summary:	•The benefits of inspiratory muscle training for older adults are beyond physical capacity;.•Inspiratory muscle training improves cardiac autonomic control and endothelial function;.•Inspiratory muscle training reduces postural instability while enhancing cerebrovascular control;.•Inspiratory muscle training improves dynamic and quasi-static postural balance;. Systematic reviews support the benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for exercise performance. Recently, many health benefits from IMT have been reported in older adults. Therefore, this work reviewed the literature focusing on IMT effects beyond physical performance in older adults, such as cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and postural balance outcomes. Searches were conducted with the following terms: ("respiratory muscle training" OR "inspiratory muscle training") OR ("inspiratory muscle strength training") AND ("elderly" OR "older" OR "aging" OR "aging"), and using the databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS and EUROPE PMC. Of the 356 articles found, 13 matched the inclusion criteria after screening. Based on reviewed studies, four to eight weeks of IMT (Mostly from 50 % up to 75 % of MIP, 7 days/week) improve cardiac autonomic control at rest and post-exercise, cerebrovascular response to orthostatic stress, static and dynamic balance, blood pressure control, endothelial function, and oxidative stress in older adults. The benefits of IMT in cardiac autonomic and vascular functions are reversed after training cessation. It thus appears that IMT promotes broad physiological gains for the older population. It is necessary to carry out more randomized clinical trials on the subject to confirm the findings of this research.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:	0167-4943 1872-6976 1872-6976
DOI:	10.1016/j.archger.2024.105579