Doubling genome size without polyploidization: dynamics of retrotransposition-driven genomic expansions in Oryza australiensis, a wild relative of rice

Doubling genome size without polyploidization: dynamics of retrotransposition-driven genomic expansions in Oryza australiensis, a wild relative of rice

Retrotransposons are the main components of eukaryotic genomes, representing up to 80% of some large plant genomes. These mobile elements transpose via a "copy and paste" mechanism, thus increasing their copy number while active. Their accumulation is now accepted as the main factor of gen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genome Research Vol. 16; no. 10; pp. 1262 - 1269
Main Authors: Piegu, Benoit, Guyot, Romain, Picault, Nathalie, Roulin, Anne, Sanyal, Abhijit, Saniyal, Abhijit, Kim, Hyeran, Collura, Kristi, Brar, Darshan S, Jackson, Scott, Wing, Rod A, Panaud, Olivier
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 01-10-2006
Subjects:
Base Sequence
Blotting, Southern
Chromosome Mapping
Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
Cluster Analysis
Gene Duplication
Genetics
Genome, Plant
Genome, Plant - genetics
Letter
Life Sciences
Molecular Sequence Data
Oryza - genetics
Oryza australiensis
Oryza sativa
Phylogeny
Plants genetics
Retroelements
Retroelements - genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Summary:Retrotransposons are the main components of eukaryotic genomes, representing up to 80% of some large plant genomes. These mobile elements transpose via a "copy and paste" mechanism, thus increasing their copy number while active. Their accumulation is now accepted as the main factor of genome size increase in higher eukaryotes, besides polyploidy. However, the dynamics of this process are poorly understood. In this study, we show that Oryza australiensis, a wild relative of the Asian cultivated rice O. sativa, has undergone recent bursts of three LTR-retrotransposon families. This genome has accumulated more than 90,000 retrotransposon copies during the last three million years, leading to a rapid twofold increase of its size. In addition, phenetic analyses of these retrotransposons clearly confirm that the genomic bursts occurred posterior to the radiation of the species. This provides direct evidence of retrotransposon-mediated variation of genome size within a plant genus.
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PMCID: PMC1581435
ISSN:1088-9051
1549-5469
1549-5477
DOI:10.1101/gr.5290206