The effects of irrigated agriculture on the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in the Middle and Upper Valleys of the Senegal River basin

The importance of the increase in irrigated land on the perimeters of the Middle and Upper Valleys of the Senegal River basin, on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis, was investigated. Surveys were conducted, in May-June 1997, to determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistos...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology Vol. 94; no. 6; pp. 581 - 590
Main Authors:	de Clercq, D., Vercruysse, J., Sène, M., Seck, I., Sall, C. S. M., Ly, A., Southgate, V. R.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Leeds Taylor & Francis 01-09-2000 Maney Publishing
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Agriculture - methods Animals Anthelmintics - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Bulinus - parasitology Child Child, Preschool Diseases caused by trematodes Female Helminthic diseases Hematuria - epidemiology Hematuria - parasitology Humans Infant Infectious diseases Longitudinal Studies Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Parasitic diseases Praziquantel - therapeutic use Prevalence Schistosomiases Schistosomiasis haematobia - drug therapy Schistosomiasis haematobia - epidemiology Schistosomiasis haematobia - transmission Senegal - epidemiology Treatment Outcome Tropical medicine Senegal Basin Senegal Africa Human Schistosoma haematobium Trematode disease Transmission Plathelmintha Parasitosis Helminthiasis Trematoda Infection Schistosomiasis Helmintha Agriculture Irrigation network Invertebrata
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Summary:	The importance of the increase in irrigated land on the perimeters of the Middle and Upper Valleys of the Senegal River basin, on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis, was investigated. Surveys were conducted, in May-June 1997, to determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection among 1445 children aged 7-14 years: 1011 in 10 villages near Matam, and 434 in four villages near Bakel. Macrohaematuria was present in seven of the study villages (four near Matam and three near Bakel), whereas microhaematuria was present in all the villages, with prevalences of 10%-73%. A second survey, conducted, in June 1999, on 755 children from nine of the study villages near Matam, demonstrated significant increases in the prevalences of both micro- and macro-haematuria in three of the villages, all of which were adjacent to the Senegal River and practising irrigated agriculture. None of the other study villages re-surveyed was irrigating any of its agricultural land. A longitudinal survey was also carried out, between May 1997 and November 1998, on about 10% of the population (2272 subjects) of Nguidjilone, north of Matam; selective treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was given in May 1997, and mass treatment in May 1998. The data analysed were those relating to the 125 individuals who provided samples at each survey. Very severe infections (>1000 eggs/10ml urine) were seen in five subjects in May 1997. One year later (i.e. 1 year after the selective treatment), the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis had increased in every age-group. Although prevalence had decreased slightly by November 1998 (6 months after the mass treatment), the intensity of the infections seen had increased in every age-group. At the end of the dry season (May-June 1997), Bulinus truncatus infected with schistosome cercariae were recovered from the Senegal River. However, immediately after the next rainy season (November 1997), no snails were found at any collection site on the river.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0003-4983 1364-8594
DOI:	10.1080/00034983.2000.11813581