Distribution and prevalence of refractive error in Iranian adult population results of the PERSIAN eye cohort study PECS

Distribution and prevalence of refractive error in Iranian adult population results of the PERSIAN eye cohort study PECS

The Persian Eye Cohort Study, a population-based cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2020, examined refractive error prevalence among 48,618 Iranian adults aged 31 to 70. The study encompassed six centers in Iran, employing random cluster sampling for demographic, medical, and socioeconomic data coll...

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Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 14515 - 14
Main Authors: Alipour, Fateme, Mohammadzadeh, Maryam, Jafari, Fatemeh, Lashay, Alireza, Yaseri, Mehdi, Motamed-Gorji, Nazgol, Alizadeh, Yousef, Soleimani, Mohammadreza, Mirzaei, Mohammad, Shahraki, Kourosh, Salimpour, Samira, Shoja, Mohammad Reza, Khataminia, Gholamreza, Tahkor, Abolfazl, Tavakoli, Roya, Somi, Mohammad hossein, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Joukar, Farahnaz, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Saki, Nader, Hashemi, Hassan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 24-06-2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
692/308
692/699
692/700
Acuity
Adult
Aged
Aging
Astigmatism
Cataracts
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data collection
Education
Eye
Female
Gender
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Hyperopia - epidemiology
Income
Iran - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Myopia
Myopia - epidemiology
Older people
Population studies
Prevalence
Refraction
Refractive Errors - epidemiology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Iran
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Summary:The Persian Eye Cohort Study, a population-based cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2020, examined refractive error prevalence among 48,618 Iranian adults aged 31 to 70. The study encompassed six centers in Iran, employing random cluster sampling for demographic, medical, and socioeconomic data collection through interviews. Ophthalmic exams included visual acuity, automated and manual objective refraction, subjective refraction, slit lamp, and fundus examinations. Using the spherical equivalent definition, the sample population was categorized into groups. Results indicated a mean age of 49.52 ± 9.31 and a mean refractive error of 0.26 diopters (D) ± 1.6 SD (95% CI − 0.27 to -0.24), ranging from -26.1 to + 18.5 SD. Prevalence of myopia (< −0.5D) and hyperopia (> + 0.5D) was 22.6% (95% CI 22.2–23%) and 12.5% (95% CI 12.1–12.8%), respectively. Regarding different age groups, the prevalence of hyperopia and astigmatism exhibited a steady and significant rise with increasing age ( p -value < 0.001 for both). The prevalence of Myopia, however, showed a distinctive pattern, initially increasing in adults under 45, declining in those aged 55–64, and rising again among individuals aged 60 and older. Female gender, older age, urban residency, higher education, higher income, and Fars ethnicity were significantly related to a higher prevalence of myopia ( p -value < 0.001 for all). Female gender ( p -value < 0.001), aging ( p -value < 0.001), urban residency ( p -value = 0.029), and lower-income ( p -value = 0.005) were significantly related to higher prevalence of hyperopia. Astigmatism (> 1D) was prevalent in 25.5% of participants (95% CI 25.1–25.9%) and correlated with male gender, aging, urban residency, illiteracy, and higher income ( p -value < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.014, respectively). The study’s comparison with regional and international surveys highlighted the increase in myopia among those over 65 due to higher nuclear cataract rates in older adults. Myopia positively related to education, income, and urban residency, while hyperopia did not exhibit such associations.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-65328-2