Toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Effect of dose and time on biochemical disturbance, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in mice

Abstract The toxic impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on human health is of prime importance owing to their wide uses in many commercial industries. In the present study, the effect of different doses and exposure time durations of TiO2 NPs (21 nm) inducing oxidative stress, biochem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol. 90; pp. 466 - 472
Main Authors:	Rizk, Maha Z, Ali, Sanaa A, Hamed, Manal A, El-Rigal, Nagy Saba, Aly, Hanan F, Salah, Heba H
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	France Elsevier Masson SAS 01-06-2017
Subjects:	Alanine Transaminase - metabolism Animals Antioxidants - metabolism Catalase - metabolism Chromosome Aberrations - drug effects DNA Damage - drug effects Glutathione - metabolism Internal Medicine Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Liver function Liver histology Male Malondialdehyde - metabolism Medical Education Metal Nanoparticles - adverse effects Mice Microsomal aberration Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Titanium - adverse effects Titanium dioxide nanoparticles Oxidative stress Liver function Liver histology Microsomal aberration Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
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Summary:	Abstract The toxic impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on human health is of prime importance owing to their wide uses in many commercial industries. In the present study, the effect of different doses and exposure time durations of TiO2 NPs (21 nm) inducing oxidative stress, biochemical disturbance, histological alteration and cytogenetic aberration in mice liver and bone marrow was investigated. Different doses of (TiO2 NPs) (50, 250 and 500 mg/ kg body weight) were each daily intrapertioneally injected to mice for 7, 14 and 45 days. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST &ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total protein, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. The work was extended to evaluate the liver histopathological pattern and the chromosomal aberration in mice spinal cord bone marrow. The results revealed severe TiO2 NPs toxicity in a dose and time dependent manner with positive correlation (r = 0.98) for most investigated biochemical parameters. The same observation was noticed for the histological analysis. In case of cytogenetic study, chromosomal aberrations were demonstrated after injection of TiO2 NPs with 500 mg/ kg b. wt. for 45 days. In conclusion, the selected biochemical parameters and the liver architectures were influenced with dose and time of TiO2 NPs toxicity, while the genetic disturbance started at the high dose of exposure and for long duration. Further studies are needed to fulfil the effect of TiO2 NPs on pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.
ISSN:	0753-3322 1950-6007
DOI:	10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.089