Genetic factors in exercise adoption, adherence and obesity

Physical activity and exercise play critical roles in energy balance. While many interventions targeted at increasing physical activity have demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss or maintenance in the short term, long term adherence to such programmes is not frequently observed. Numerous fa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Obesity reviews Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 29 - 39
Main Authors:	Herring, M. P, Sailors, M. H, Bray, M. S
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Blackwell Pub 01-01-2014 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Animals brain compliance energy balance Energy expenditure Energy Metabolism - genetics exercise Exercise - psychology Female genes Genetic Association Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetic variation Humans Male Mice Motivation - genetics obesity Obesity - genetics Obesity - prevention & control Obesity - psychology Parents - psychology Patient Compliance - psychology Patient Compliance - statistics & numerical data physical activity Pleasure Reward Signal Transduction single nucleotide polymorphism variation weight loss Weight Loss - genetics young adults Energy expenditure genes variation physical activity
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Summary:	Physical activity and exercise play critical roles in energy balance. While many interventions targeted at increasing physical activity have demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss or maintenance in the short term, long term adherence to such programmes is not frequently observed. Numerous factors have been examined for their ability to predict and/or influence physical activity and exercise adherence. Although physical activity has been demonstrated to have a strong genetic component in both animals and humans, few studies have examined the association between genetic variation and exercise adherence. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the non‐genetic and genetic predictors of physical activity and adherence to exercise. In addition, we report the results of analysis of 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms in six candidate genes examined for association to exercise adherence, duration, intensity and total exercise dose in young adults from the Training Interventions and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study. Based on both animal and human research, neural signalling and pleasure/reward systems in the brain may drive in large part the propensity to be physically active and to adhere to an exercise programme. Adherence/compliance research in other fields may inform future investigation of the genetics of exercise adherence.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12089 istex:7CEF4844A36F3493194F4E342B1B8BF764E53604 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health - No. DK062148 Table S1. Genotype frequencies for neural-related gene variants. ArticleID:OBR12089 ark:/67375/WNG-CH3ZB9QH-2 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	1467-7881 1467-789X
DOI:	10.1111/obr.12089