Twenty-seven ZAD-ZNF genes of Drosophila melanogaster are orthologous to the embryo polarity determining mosquito gene cucoid

The C2H2 zinc finger gene cucoid establishes anterior-posterior (AP) polarity in the early embryo of culicine mosquitoes. This gene is unrelated to genes that establish embryo polarity in other fly species (Diptera), such as the homeobox gene bicoid, which serves this function in the traditional mod...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 18; no. 1; p. e0274716
Main Authors:	Li, Muzi, Kasan, Koray, Saha, Zinnia, Yoon, Yoseop, Schmidt-Ott, Urs
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 03-01-2023 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Analysis Animals Aquatic insects Biology and Life Sciences Butterflies & moths Chromatin Computer and Information Sciences Culicidae - metabolism Drosophila Drosophila - metabolism Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster - genetics Drosophila melanogaster - metabolism Drosophila Proteins - genetics Drosophila Proteins - metabolism Embryonic development Embryos Fruit flies Gene duplication Genes Genetic aspects Genomes Homeobox Insects Medicine and Health Sciences Mosquitoes Polarity Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Transcription Factors - genetics Trees Zinc Zinc finger proteins Zinc Fingers - genetics United States
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Summary:	The C2H2 zinc finger gene cucoid establishes anterior-posterior (AP) polarity in the early embryo of culicine mosquitoes. This gene is unrelated to genes that establish embryo polarity in other fly species (Diptera), such as the homeobox gene bicoid, which serves this function in the traditional model organism Drosophila melanogaster. The cucoid gene is a conserved single copy gene across lower dipterans but nothing is known about its function in other species, and its evolution in higher dipterans, including Drosophila, is unresolved. We found that cucoid is a member of the ZAD-containing C2H2 zinc finger (ZAD-ZNF) gene family and is orthologous to 27 of the 91 members of this family in D. melanogaster, including M1BP, ranshi, ouib, nom, zaf1, odj, Nnk, trem, Zif, and eighteen uncharacterized genes. Available knowledge of the functions of cucoid orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster suggest that the progenitor of this lineage specific expansion may have played a role in regulating chromatin. We also describe many aspects of the gene duplication history of cucoid in the brachyceran lineage of D. melanogaster, thereby providing a framework for predicting potential redundancies among these genes in D. melanogaster.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Current address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0274716