Effects of Xylitol on Xylitol-Sensitive Versus Xylitol-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Strains in a Three-Species in Vitro Biofilm

We studied the effects of xylitol on biofilms containing xylitol-resistant (Xr) and xylitol-sensitive (Xs) Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii and S. sanguinis. The biofilms were grown for 8 and 24 h on hydroxyapatite discs. The viable microorganisms were determined by plate culturing techn...

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Published in:	Current microbiology Vol. 65; no. 3; pp. 237 - 243
Main Authors:	Marttinen, Aino M, Ruas-Madiedo, Patricia, Hidalgo-Cantabrana, Claudio, Saari, Markku A, Ihalin, Riikka A, Söderling, Eva M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer-Verlag 01-09-2012 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Actinomyces naeslundii Analysis of Variance Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Bacteria biofilm Biofilms Biofilms - drug effects Biofilms - growth & development Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Colony Count, Microbial Culture techniques Dental caries Fluorescence in situ hybridization Fluorescent indicators growth retardation Humans Hydroxyapatite In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence Life Sciences Microbiology Microorganisms Polysaccharides Saccharides Saliva - microbiology Spectrofluorometry Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus mutans - drug effects Streptococcus mutans - physiology Xylitol Xylitol - pharmacology Xylitol Mutans Streptococcus Count Mutans Streptococcus Reference Strain Plaque Acidogenicity
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Summary:	We studied the effects of xylitol on biofilms containing xylitol-resistant (Xr) and xylitol-sensitive (Xs) Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii and S. sanguinis. The biofilms were grown for 8 and 24 h on hydroxyapatite discs. The viable microorganisms were determined by plate culturing techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using a S. mutans-specific probe. Extracellular cell-bound polysaccharides (EPS) were determined by spectrofluorometry from single-species S. mutans biofilms. In the presence of 5 % xylitol, the counts of the Xs S. mutans decreased tenfold in the young (8 h) biofilm (p < 0.05) but no effect was seen in the mature (24 h) biofilm. No decrease was observed for the Xr strains, and FISH confirmed these results. No differences were detected in the EPS production of the Xs S. mutans grown with or without xylitol, nor between Xr and Xs S. mutans strains. Thus, it seems that xylitol did not affect the EPS synthesis of the S. mutans strains. Since the Xr S. mutans strains, not inhibited by xylitol, showed no xylitol-induced decrease in the biofilms, we conclude that growth inhibition could be responsible for the decrease of the counts of the Xs S. mutans strains in the clinically relevant young biofilms.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-012-0151-2 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0343-8651 1432-0991
DOI:	10.1007/s00284-012-0151-2