Effects of cultivar and fungicides on stem-base pathogens, determined by quantitative PCR, and on diseases and yield of wheat

Summary The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify and quantify all fungal pathogens of wheat (Triticum aestivum) stem bases in nine field experiments at three locations in England. The main aim was to apply quantitative PCR to provide robust data on the efficacy of new fungicides agai...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Annals of applied biology Vol. 137; no. 3; pp. 213 - 221
Main Authors:	BATEMAN, G L, EDWARDS, S G, MARSHALL, J, MORGAN, L W, NICHOLSON, P, NUTTALL, M, PARRY, D W, SCRANCHER, M, TURNER, A S
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-12-2000 Blackwell
Subjects:	Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Chemical control Control cultivars eyespot Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungal plant pathogens fungicides Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection quantitative PCR stem-base disease Wheat England United Kingdom Great Britain Europe Monocotyledones Mycosis Plant pathogen Phytiatry Variety trial Field experiment Stem Gramineae Angiospermae Chemical control Diagnosis Phytopharmacology Quantitative analysis Mycology Treatment efficiency Pesticides Experimental study Fungicide Morbidity Fungus resistance Infection Polymerase chain reaction Analysis method Sensitivity resistance DNA Spermatophyta Specific identification Yield Molecular biology Triticum aestivum Cultivar
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Summary:	Summary The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify and quantify all fungal pathogens of wheat (Triticum aestivum) stem bases in nine field experiments at three locations in England. The main aim was to apply quantitative PCR to provide robust data on the efficacy of new fungicides against the individual components of the stem‐base disease complex. Cyprodinil most effectively controlled eyespot by decreasing both pathogens, Tapesia yallundae and T. acuformis (the most widespread species), and sometimes contributed to increased yields. Prochloraz controlled eyespot less consistently, its effectiveness dependent mainly on the presence of T. yallundae or on rainfall events soon after application. Azoxystrobin contributed to yield increases most consistently. Although it decreased sharp eyespot and its pathogen, Rhizoctonia cerealis, these effects were insufficient to account for much of the yield increases. The effects of fungicides on eyespot were sometimes greatest on the most susceptible cultivars. Amounts of Tapesia DNA were usually consistent with cultivar susceptibility ratings. The only pathogens of brown foot rot present in significant amounts were Microdochium nivale vars nivale and majus. They appeared not to affect yield or to respond greatly to fungicides. The susceptibility of cultivars to these pathogens was sometimes similar to their susceptibility to eyespot, suggesting that they may respond to the same host resistance genes or may in some cases be secondary colonisers of eyespot‐infected plants.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/WNG-QF18Q8PS-L istex:E22983239571CF88C77C6FF37D4C0ED184222120 ArticleID:AAB213
ISSN:	0003-4746 1744-7348
DOI:	10.1111/j.1744-7348.2000.tb00062.x