The emergence of wildlife species as a source of human rabies infection in Brazil

Forty-five human rabies virus isolates from a wide geographical area of Brazil were characterized using an anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody panel and by partial nucleotide sequencing analysis of the nucleoprotein gene. Three major antigenic groups related to the antigenic variants maintained i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Epidemiology and infection Vol. 141; no. 7; pp. 1552 - 1561
Main Authors:	FAVORETTO, S. R., de MATTOS, C. C., de MATTOS, C. A., CAMPOS, A. C. A., SACRAMENTO, D. R. V., DURIGON, E. L.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01-07-2013
Subjects:	Amino Acid Sequence Animals Antigens, Viral - analysis Bats Biological and medical sciences Brazil Callithrix - virology Chiroptera - virology Disease Reservoirs - veterinary Disease Reservoirs - virology Disease transmission DNA, Viral - analysis Dog Diseases - transmission Dog Diseases - virology Dogs Epidemiology Foxes - virology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetics Humans Infections Microbiology Miscellaneous Molecular Sequence Data Monkey Diseases - transmission Monkey Diseases - virology Original Papers Other Paper Phylogenetics Phylogeny Rabies Rabies - transmission Rabies - veterinary Rabies - virology Rabies virus Rabies virus - genetics Rabies virus - immunology Rabies virus - isolation & purification Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Analysis, DNA Transmitters Vampires Virology Viruses Zoonoses - transmission Zoonoses - virology South America Brazil America Latin America molecular biology zoonoses rabies (human) Host (in infections) virus infection Infection Virus Human Mononegavirales Nervous system diseases Rhabdoviridae Viral disease Rabies Lyssavirus Wild animal Epidemiology Rabies virus
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Summary:	Forty-five human rabies virus isolates from a wide geographical area of Brazil were characterized using an anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody panel and by partial nucleotide sequencing analysis of the nucleoprotein gene. Three major antigenic groups related to the antigenic variants maintained in domestic dogs, vampire bats and marmosets were identified. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the viruses from dog-related cases segregated into four sister clades: three associated with dog-endemic cycles in Brazil and one with the crab-eating fox cycle in the northeastern region of the country. The vampire bat- and marmoset-related viruses formed two independent groups. The topology of these clades was conserved when these samples were compared to virus representatives of the currently reported rabies endemic cycles in the Americas. These results indicated the presence of multiple endemic transmission cycles maintained in four different reservoirs, domestic dogs, crab-eating foxes, vampire bats and marmosets, which are being transmitted directly to humans and should be considered as a high-risk for rabies infection.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0950-2688 1469-4409
DOI:	10.1017/S0950268813000198