Timing of Cover-Crop Management Effects on Weed Suppression in No-Till Planted Soybean using a Roller-Crimper

Integrated weed management tactics are necessary to develop cropping systems that enhance soil quality using conservation tillage and reduced herbicide or organic weed management. In this study, we varied planting and termination date of two cereal rye cultivars (‘Aroostook’ and ‘Wheeler’) and a rye...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Weed science Vol. 59; no. 3; pp. 380 - 389
Main Authors:	Mirsky, S. B, Curran, W. S, Mortenseny, D. M, Ryany, M. R, Shumway, D. L
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	810 East 10th Street, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Weed Science Society of America 01-07-2011 Cambridge University Press
Subjects:	Agricultural practices Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions annual weeds Biological and medical sciences Biomass Biomass production Cereal grains Cover crops Crop management Cropping systems Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage Cultivars Cyperus esculentus Energy crops Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns heat Herbicides integrated weed management mulches no-tillage Parasitic plants. Weeds Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection planting and termination date Planting date roller-crimper Rye Soil conservation Soil quality Soybeans Spring summer Vicia villosa Weed communities Weed control WEED MANAGEMENT Weeds roller-crimper Cover crops Cereal rye, Secale cereale L planting and termination date mulches hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L Cover crop Zero tillage Soybean Dicotyledones Weed science Angiospermae Mulching C3-Type Cultural practice Weed control Vegetals Termination date Glycine max Soil management Grain legume Leguminosae Crop management Spermatophyta Timing Oil plant (vegetal) Planting
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Summary:	Integrated weed management tactics are necessary to develop cropping systems that enhance soil quality using conservation tillage and reduced herbicide or organic weed management. In this study, we varied planting and termination date of two cereal rye cultivars (‘Aroostook’ and ‘Wheeler’) and a rye/hairy vetch mixture to evaluate cover-crop biomass production and subsequent weed suppression in no-till planted soybean. Cover crops were killed with a burn-down herbicide and roller-crimper and the weed-suppressive effects of the remaining mulch were studied. Cover-crop biomass increased approximately 2,000 kg ha−1 from latest to earliest fall planting dates (August 25–October 15) and for each 10-d incremental delay in spring termination date (May 1–June 1). Biomass accumulation for cereal rye was best estimated using a thermal-based model that separated the effects of fall and spring heat units. Cultivars differed in their total biomass accumulation; however, once established, their growth rates were similar, suggesting the difference was mainly due to the earlier emergence of Aroostook rye. The earlier emergence of Aroostook rye may have explained its greater weed suppression than Wheeler, whereas the rye/hairy vetch mixture was intermediate between the two rye cultivars. Delaying cover-crop termination reduced weed density, especially for early- and late-emerging summer annual weeds in 2006. Yellow nutsedge was not influenced by cover-crop type or the timing of cover-crop management. We found that the degree of synchrony between weed species emergence and accumulated cover-crop biomass played an important role in defining the extent of weed suppression.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/WS-D-10-00101.1
ISSN:	0043-1745 1550-2759
DOI:	10.1614/WS-D-10-00101.1