Carbon ion radiotherapy of human lung cancer attenuates HIF‐1 signaling and acts with considerably enhanced therapeutic efficiency

Carbon ion radiotherapy of human lung cancer attenuates HIF‐1 signaling and acts with considerably enhanced therapeutic efficiency

Carbon ion irradiation is an emerging therapeutic option for various tumor entities. Radiation resistance of solid tumors toward photon irradiation is caused by attenuation of DNA damage in less oxygenated tumor areas and by increased hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 signaling. Carbon ion irradiatio...

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Published in:The FASEB journal Vol. 28; no. 3; pp. 1412 - 1421
Main Authors: Subtil, Florentine S. B., Wilhelm, Jochen, Bill, Verena, Westholt, Niklas, Rudolph, Susann, Fischer, Julia, Scheel, Sebastian, Seay, Ulrike, Fournier, Claudia, Taucher‐Scholz, Gisela, Scholz, Michael, Seeger, Werner, Engenhart‐Cabillic, Rita, Rose, Frank, Dahm‐Daphi, Jochen, Hänze, Jörg
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 01-03-2014
Subjects:
angiogenesis
Animals
Base Sequence
Carbon Radioisotopes - therapeutic use
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - radiotherapy
DNA Primers
Down-Regulation
Humans
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - antagonists & inhibitors
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism
Lung Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Polymerase Chain Reaction
RBE
relative biological effectiveness
RNA silencing
vascular endothelia growth factor
VEGF
relative biological effectiveness
vascular endothelia growth factor
RNA silencing
RBE
VEGF
angiogenesis
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Summary:Carbon ion irradiation is an emerging therapeutic option for various tumor entities. Radiation resistance of solid tumors toward photon irradiation is caused by attenuation of DNA damage in less oxygenated tumor areas and by increased hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 signaling. Carbon ion irradiation acts independently of oxygen;however, the role of HIF‐1 is unclear. We analyzed the effect of HIF‐1 signaling after carbon ions in comparison to photons by using biological equivalent radiation doses in a human non‐small‐cell cancer model. The studies were performed in cultured A549 and H1299 cell lines and in A549 xenografts. Knockdown of HIF‐1α in vivo combined with photon irradiation delayed tumor growth (23 vs. 13 d; P<0.05). Photon irradiation induced HIF‐1α and target genes, predominantly in oxygenated cells (1.6‐fold; P<0.05), with subsequent enhanced tumor angiogenesis (1.7‐fold; P<0.05). These effects were not observed after carbon ion irradiation. Micro‐DNA array analysis indicated that photons, but not carbon ions, significantly induced components of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway (gene set enrichment analysis; P<0.01) as relevant for HIF‐1α induction. After carbon ion irradiation in vivo, we observed substantially decreased HIF‐1α levels (8.9‐fold; P<0.01) and drastically delayed tumor growth (P<0.01), an important finding that indicates a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than anticipated from the cell survival data. Taken together, the evidence showed that carbon ions mediate an improved therapeutic effectiveness without tumor‐promoting HIF‐1 signaling.—Subtil, F. S. B., Wilhelm, J., Bill, V., Westholt, N., Rudolph, S., Fischer, J., Scheel, S., Seay, U., Fournier, C., Taucher‐Scholz, G., Scholz, M., Seeger, W., Engenhart‐Cabillic, R., Rose, F., Dahm‐Daphi, J., Hänze, J. Carbon ion radiotherapy of human lung cancer attenuates HIF‐1 signaling and acts with considerably enhanced therapeutic efficiency. FASEB J. 28, 1412–1421 (2014). www.fasebj.org
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ISSN:0892-6638
1530-6860
DOI:10.1096/fj.13-242230