Racial and ethnic disparities post-hospitalization for COVID-19: barriers to access to care for survivors of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Racial and ethnic disparities post-hospitalization for COVID-19: barriers to access to care for survivors of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Racial and ethnic health disparities in the incidence and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been observed globally and in the United States. Research has focused on transmission, hospitalization, and mortality among racial and ethnic minorities, but Long COVID-19 health disparitie...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 11556 - 8
Main Authors: Cañas, Alicia, Wolf, Allison, Mak, Angela, Ruddy, Jacob, El-Sadek, Sal, Gomez, Laura, Furfaro, David, Fullilove, Robert, Burkart, Kristin M., Zelnick, Jennifer, O’Donnell, Max R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 21-05-2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
692/499
692/699/255/2514
Access to care
Adult
Aged
ARDS
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - therapy
Cross-Sectional Studies
Discrimination
Disease transmission
Emergency medical care
Emergency medical services
Ethnic and Racial Minorities
Female
Health care
Health care policy
Health disparities
Health Services Accessibility
Healthcare Disparities
Hispanic or Latino - statistics & numerical data
Hospitalization
Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Long COVID
Male
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
New York City - epidemiology
Poverty
Primary care
Racial and ethnic disparities
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome - therapy
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Survival
Survivors
New York City
COVID-19
Access to care
Racial and ethnic disparities
Long COVID
ARDS
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Summary:Racial and ethnic health disparities in the incidence and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been observed globally and in the United States. Research has focused on transmission, hospitalization, and mortality among racial and ethnic minorities, but Long COVID-19 health disparities research is limited. This study retrospectively evaluated 195 adults who survived COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) in New York City from March–April 2020. Among survivors, 54% met the criteria for Long COVID syndrome. Hispanic/Latinx patients, were more likely to be uninsured (p = 0.027) and were less frequently discharged to rehabilitation facilities (p < 0.001). A cross-sectional telephone survey and interview were conducted with a subset of survivors (n = 69). Among these, 11% reported a lack of follow-up primary care post-discharge and 38% had subsequent emergency room visits. Notably, 38% reported poor treatment within the health care system, with 67% attributing this to racial or ethnic bias. Thematic analysis of interviews identified four perceived challenges: decline in functional status, discrimination during hospitalization, healthcare system inequities, and non-healthcare-related structural barriers. Sources of resilience included survivorship, faith, and family support. This study highlights structural and healthcare-related barriers rooted in perceived racism and poverty as factors impacting post-COVID-19 care.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-61097-0