Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disorder underpinned by poorly reversible airflow resulting from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. The prevalence and mortality of COPD continue to increase. Pharmacotherapy for patients with COPD has included antibiotics, bronch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 12; p. 1513
Main Authors:	Rosenwasser, Yehudis, Berger, Irene, Loewy, Zvi G
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-12-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Air flow Anti-infective agents Anti-inflammatory agents Anti-inflammatory drugs Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Bacterial infections Bronchitis Bronchodilators Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Complications and side effects Corticoids Corticosteroids Drug therapy Dysbacteriosis Emphysema Epigenetics GOLD guidelines Inflammation Lung diseases Lung diseases, Obstructive Lungs microbiome Microbiomes Mortality Obstructive lung disease Oral cavity oral disease Oral diseases Pharmaceutical research Pharmacology Respiratory agents respiratory disease Respiratory diseases Review Risk analysis Risk factors Viral infections United States GOLD guidelines oral disease microbiome respiratory disease
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Summary:	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disorder underpinned by poorly reversible airflow resulting from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. The prevalence and mortality of COPD continue to increase. Pharmacotherapy for patients with COPD has included antibiotics, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids (but with little success). Oral diseases have long been established as clinical risk factors for developing respiratory diseases. The establishment of a very similar microbiome in the mouth and the lung confirms the oral-lung connection. The aspiration of pathogenic microbes from the oral cavity has been implicated in several respiratory diseases, including pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on current and future pharmacotherapeutic approaches for COPD exacerbation including antimicrobials, mucoregulators, the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, modifying epigenetic marks, and modulating dysbiosis of the microbiome.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	2076-0817 2076-0817
DOI:	10.3390/pathogens11121513