Gender differences in adherence and retention in Mediterranean diet interventions with a weight‐loss outcome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Gender differences in adherence and retention in Mediterranean diet interventions with a weight‐loss outcome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Summary Background The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be effective in improving health outcomes and for weight loss. Adherence and retention in dietary interventions are critical to ensure the benefits of the exposure. No studies to date have assessed the role of gender in understanding partic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Obesity reviews Vol. 25; no. 12; pp. e13824 - n/a
Main Authors: Rose, Laekin, Wood, Amelia, Gill, Timothy
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-12-2024
Subjects:
adherence
Body weight loss
Diet
Gender
Gender aspects
Gender differences
Mediterranean diet
Meta-analysis
Retention
Risk assessment
Sex differences
Statistical analysis
Systematic review
Weight loss
meta‐analysis
gender
systematic review
Mediterranean diet
adherence
retention
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Summary:Summary Background The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be effective in improving health outcomes and for weight loss. Adherence and retention in dietary interventions are critical to ensure the benefits of the exposure. No studies to date have assessed the role of gender in understanding participants who remain engaged and adhere to Mediterranean diet interventions. Aims This study aimed to explore gender differences in recruitment, adherence, and retention for Mediterranean diet interventions and whether these were associated with differences in weight‐loss outcomes. Methods A systematic search was completed in EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to March 2023. A meta‐analysis of studies reporting retention by gender was completed using odds ratios comparing female to male dropout numbers. A second meta‐analysis was completed for adherence comparing standardized mean difference of Mediterranean diet scores stratified by gender. Newcastle Ottawa score was used to assess risk of bias. Results A total of 70 articles were included in the systematic review with six articles included in the adherence meta‐analysis and nine in the dropout meta‐analysis. No statistically significant difference was shown for adherence or retention by gender. Weight‐loss outcomes were inconsistent. Conclusions The results of the study suggest a higher adherence and lower dropout for women although these results were not statistically significant. Future studies of Mediterranean diet interventions should include adherence, retention, and weight‐loss data stratified by gender to allow further investigation of this relationship.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:1467-7881
1467-789X
1467-789X
DOI:10.1111/obr.13824