In vitro fertilization (IVF) in mammals: epigenetic and developmental alterations. Scientific and bioethical implications for IVF in humans

In vitro fertilization (IVF) in mammals: epigenetic and developmental alterations. Scientific and bioethical implications for IVF in humans

The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in animals and humans implies an extraordinary change in the environment where the beginning of a new organism takes place. In mammals fertilization occurs in the maternal oviduct, where there are unique conditions for guaranteeing the encounter of the game...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biological research Vol. 48; no. 58; p. 68
Main Authors: Ventura-Juncá, Patricio, Irarrázaval, Isabel, Rolle, Augusto J, Gutiérrez, Juan I, Moreno, Ricardo D, Santos, Manuel J
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 18-12-2015
BioMed Central
Sociedad de Biología de Chile
BMC
Subjects:
Access to information
Analysis
Animals
Bioethical implications
Bioethical Issues
Bioethics
BIOLOGY
Developmental alterations
Developmental Biology - ethics
Eggs
Embryo Culture Techniques - methods
Embryonic Development - drug effects
Embryos
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Epigenomics - ethics
Fertilization in vitro
Fertilization in Vitro - ethics
Gene expression
Genes, Developmental - physiology
Humans
In vitro fertilization
In vitro fertilization (IVF) in mammals
Malnutrition
Mammals
Mammals - growth & development
Preimplantation Diagnosis
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Reproductive system
Review
Risk
Studies
Superovulation - ethics
Epigenetics
In vitro fertilization (IVF) in mammals
Developmental alterations
Bioethical implications
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Summary:The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in animals and humans implies an extraordinary change in the environment where the beginning of a new organism takes place. In mammals fertilization occurs in the maternal oviduct, where there are unique conditions for guaranteeing the encounter of the gametes and the first stages of development of the embryo and thus its future. During this period a major epigenetic reprogramming takes place that is crucial for the normal fate of the embryo. This epigenetic reprogramming is very vulnerable to changes in environmental conditions such as the ones implied in IVF, including in vitro culture, nutrition, light, temperature, oxygen tension, embryo-maternal signaling, and the general absence of protection against foreign elements that could affect the stability of this process. The objective of this review is to update the impact of the various conditions inherent in the use of IVF on the epigenetic profile and outcomes of mammalian embryos, including superovulation, IVF technique, embryo culture and manipulation and absence of embryo-maternal signaling. It also covers the possible transgenerational inheritance of the epigenetic alterations associated with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including its phenotypic consequences as is in the case of the large offspring syndrome (LOS). Finally, the important scientific and bioethical implications of the results found in animals are discussed in terms of the ART in humans.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:0717-6287
0716-9760
0717-6287
DOI:10.1186/s40659-015-0059-y