High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral f...

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Published in:Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Vol. 65; pp. e33 - 11
Main Authors: Castro, Rogério Soares, Cordeiro, Bárbara Silva, Rolim, Marco Aurélio Ferreira, Costa, Alessandra Porto de Macedo, Santos, Max Diego Cruz, Silva, Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da, Albuquerque, Ingrid de Campos, Fonseca, Lena Maria Barros, Pinho, João Renato Rebello, Gouvêa, Michelle Soares Gomes, Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da, Ferreira, Adalgisa de Souza Paiva
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Brazil Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 01-01-2023
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
Subjects:
Adolescent
Age groups
Brazil - epidemiology
Censuses
Child
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B - epidemiology
Hepatitis B - prevention & control
Hepatitis B Antibodies
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B, Chronic
Hospitals
Humans
Immunization
Infections
Original
Population
Prevalence
Serology
Teenagers
TROPICAL MEDICINE
Vaccines
Brazil
Vaccine response
Prevalence
Children
Hepatitis B
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Summary:Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson's regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.
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ISSN:1678-9946
0036-4665
1678-9946
DOI:10.1590/S1678-9946202365033