Pesticide potential dermal exposure during the manipulation of concentrated mixtures at small horticultural and floricultural production units in Argentina: The formulation effect

Potential dermal exposure measurements of horticultural and floricultural field operators that handled concentrated pesticides showed a correlation with the types of formulations used (liquid or solid) during the mix and load stage. For liquid formulations, hand exposure was 22–62 times greater than...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Science of the total environment Vol. 472; pp. 509 - 516
Main Authors:	Berenstein, Giselle A., Hughes, Enrique A., March, Hugo, Rojic, Guillermo, Zalts, Anita, Montserrat, Javier M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier B.V 15-02-2014 Elsevier
Subjects:	Agriculture Argentina Biological and medical sciences Chemical compounds (mineral, organic) Chemical, physic and infectious diseases Environmental Monitoring Floriculture Fungicides, Industrial - analysis Horticulture Humans Margin of Safety (MOS) Medical sciences Mix and load Occupational Exposure - analysis Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data Occupational medicine Pesticides - analysis Potential Manual Exposure (PME) Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine South America Argentina America Mix and load Horticulture Potential Manual Exposure (PME) Floriculture Margin of Safety (MOS) Toxicity Occupational exposure Mixture Percutaneous route Chemical pollution Local administration Margin of safety Formulation Production Granule Liquid state Laboratory study Load Pesticides Exposure Solid state Manipulation Occupational medicine Topical administration Field study
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Summary:	Potential dermal exposure measurements of horticultural and floricultural field operators that handled concentrated pesticides showed a correlation with the types of formulations used (liquid or solid) during the mix and load stage. For liquid formulations, hand exposure was 22–62 times greater than that for solid ones. The dermal exposure mechanism was studied for this formulation under laboratory conditions, finding that the rupture of the aluminum seal of the pesticide container and the color of the liquid formulation are important factors. Additionally, significant external surface contamination of pesticide containers collected at horticultural farms was found. This could partially account for the differences between the exposure levels of field and laboratory experiments for liquid formulations. •A horticultural and floricultural worker's pesticide exposure study was done.•A correlation between the pesticide formulation type and the exposure was found.•Granulated formulations were the safest for the mix and load stage.•The opening of the pesticide container is a risk operation for liquid formulations.•External pesticide contamination of the containers could contribute to the exposure mechanism.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0048-9697 1879-1026
DOI:	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.071