Prenatal exposure to fine particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and birth outcomes: a two-pollutant approach

Background Previous epidemiologic studies have considered the effects of individual air pollutants on birth outcomes, whereas a multiple-pollutant approach is more relevant to public health policy. Objectives The present study compared the observed effect sizes of prenatal fine particulate matter (P...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International archives of occupational and environmental health Vol. 90; no. 3; pp. 255 - 264
Main Authors:	Jedrychowski, W. A., Majewska, Renata, Spengler, J. D., Camann, David, Roen, E. L., Perera, F. P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-04-2017 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Airborne particulates Birth Weight Body Height Cohort Studies Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Exposure Female Health policy Health risk assessment Human exposure Humans Infant, Newborn Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects Maternal Exposure - adverse effects Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Original Original Article Particulate matter Particulate Matter - toxicity Poland - epidemiology Pollutants Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity Pregnancy Prenatal exposure Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - epidemiology Prospective Studies Public health Rehabilitation Poland, Malopolskie, Krakow Krakow cohort Birth outcomes PAH Prenatal exposure PM2.5
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Summary:	Background Previous epidemiologic studies have considered the effects of individual air pollutants on birth outcomes, whereas a multiple-pollutant approach is more relevant to public health policy. Objectives The present study compared the observed effect sizes of prenatal fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (a component of PM 2.5 ) exposures on birth outcome deficits, assessed by the single vs. two-pollutant approaches. Methods The study sample included 455 term infants born in Krakow to non-smoking mothers, among whom personal exposures to PM 2.5 and PAH were monitored in the second trimester of pregnancy. The exposure effect estimates (unstandardized and standardized regression coefficients) on birth outcomes were determined using multivariable linear regression models, accounting for relevant covariates. Results In the single-pollutant approach, each pollutant was inversely associated with all birth outcomes. The effect size of prenatal PAH exposure on birth weight and length was twice that of PM 2.5, in terms of standardized coefficients. In the two-pollutant approach, the negative effect of PM 2.5 on birth weight and length, adjusted for PAH exposure, lost its significance. The standardized effect of PAH on birth weight was 10-fold stronger ( β = −0.20, p = 0.004) than that estimated for PM 2.5 ( β = −0.02, p = 0.757). Conclusion The results provide evidence that PAH had a greater impact on several measures of fetal development, especially birth weight, than PM 2.5 . Though in the single-pollutant models PM 2.5 had a significant impact on birth outcomes, this effect appears to be mediated by PAH.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0340-0131 1432-1246
DOI:	10.1007/s00420-016-1192-9