Differential Molecular Signature of Human Saliva Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis

Abstract The symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often not specific or absent in the early stages of this illness. Therefore, there is a demand for developing low cost, non-invasive and highly accurate platforms for CKD diagnostics. We hypothesized that the level of specifics salivary compo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Brazilian dental journal Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 437 - 445
Main Authors:	Rodrigues, Renata PCB, Aguiar, Emilia MG, Cardoso-Sousa, Leia, Caixeta, Douglas C, Guedes, Cizilene CFV, Siqueira, Walter L, Maia, Yara C Paiva, Cardoso, Sergio V, Sabino-Silva, Robinson
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	01-10-2019
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Abstract The symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often not specific or absent in the early stages of this illness. Therefore, there is a demand for developing low cost, non-invasive and highly accurate platforms for CKD diagnostics. We hypothesized that the level of specifics salivary components changes when CKD is emplace, which could be clinically used to discriminate CKD patients from healthy subjects. The present study aimed to compare salivary components between CKD patients and matched control subjects by using attenuated total reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The predictive power of salivary components was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Several components were identified, and 4 of them showed different expression (p<0.05) between CKD and control subjects. Thiocyanate (SCN-, 2052 cm-1) and phospholipids/carbohydrates (924 cm-1) vibrational modes using original and second-derivative spectra by ATR-FTIR could potentially be used as salivary biomarkers to differentiate CKD than control subjects. The combination of original and second-derivative spectra by ATR-FTIR of 924 cm-1 vibrational modes could reach 92.8% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity for CKD detection. Despite, the limitation of our investigation, the acquired data indicates that salivary vibrational modes by ATR-FTIR platform should be further explored as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for CKD. Resumo Os sintomas da doença renal crônica (DRC) são frequentemente inespecíficos ou ausentes nos estágios iniciais desta doença. Desta forma, existe uma demanda para o desenvolvimento de plataformas com baixo custo, não-invasivas e com alta acurácia para o diagnóstico da DRC. Nós hipotetizamos que o nível dos componentes salivares se alteram pela DRC, o que pode ser clinicamente utilizado para discriminar pacientes portadores de DRC de indivíduos controles. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar componentes salivares entre pacientes portadores de DRC e sujeitos controles utilizando um sistema de reflectância total atenuada com espectroscopia infravermelho com transformada em Fourier (ATR-FTIR). O poder preditivo dos componentes salivares foi avaliado pela curva característica de operação do receptor (ROC). Diversos componentes salivares foram identificados e 4 destes apresentaram diferença na expressão (p<0,05) entre DRC e sujeitos controles. O modos vibracionais do tiocianato (2052 cm-1) e de fosfolipídeos/carbohidratos (924 cm-1) utilizando espectros originais e da segunda-derivada pelo ATR-FTIR podem potencialmente ser utilizados como biomarcadores salivares para discriminar a DRC de sujeitos controles. A combinação dos espectros originais e da segunda-derivada pelo ATR-FTIR do modo vibracional 924 cm-1 pode apresentar sensibilidade de 92.8% e especificidade de 85.7% para a detecção da DRC. Este estudo indicou que modos vibracionais da saliva pela plataforma ATR-FTIR podem ser uma ferramenta auxiliar no diagnóstico da DRC.
ISSN:	0103-6440 1806-4760
DOI:	10.1590/0103-6440201902228