Chondrocyte Homeostasis and Differentiation: Transcriptional Control and Signaling in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Conditions

Chondrocytes are the main cell type in articular cartilage. They are embedded in an avascular, abundant, and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM). Chondrocytes are responsible for the synthesis and turnover of the ECM, in which the major macromolecular components are collagen, proteoglycans, and n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Life (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 1460
Main Authors:	Michelacci, Yara M, Baccarin, Raquel Y A, Rodrigues, Nubia N P
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 28-06-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Anaerobic conditions Anti-inflammatory agents apoptosis Calcification Cartilage Cartilage (articular) Cartilage cells Cartilage diseases Cell death Cell differentiation Cellular signal transduction chondrocyte transcription control Chondrocytes Chondrogenesis Chondroitin sulfate Collagen Development and progression Differentiation DNA methylation Enzymes Extracellular matrix Genes Genetic aspects Genetic transcription Health aspects Homeostasis Inflammation Kinases Macromolecules Medical research Medicine, Experimental Osteoarthritis Oxygen Phenotypes Proteins Proteoglycans Review Senescence Stem cells Synovial fluid Transcription factors Brazil apoptosis differentiation chondrocyte transcription control chondroitin sulfate osteoarthritis
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Summary:	Chondrocytes are the main cell type in articular cartilage. They are embedded in an avascular, abundant, and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM). Chondrocytes are responsible for the synthesis and turnover of the ECM, in which the major macromolecular components are collagen, proteoglycans, and non-collagen proteins. The crosstalk between chondrocytes and the ECM plays several relevant roles in the regulation of cell phenotype. Chondrocytes live in an avascular environment in healthy cartilage with a low oxygen supply. Although chondrocytes are adapted to anaerobic conditions, many of their metabolic functions are oxygen-dependent, and most cartilage oxygen is supplied by the synovial fluid. This review focuses on the transcription control and signaling responsible for chondrocyte differentiation, homeostasis, senescence, and cell death and the changes that occur in osteoarthritis. The effects of chondroitin sulfate and other molecules as anti-inflammatory agents are also approached and analyzed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	2075-1729 2075-1729
DOI:	10.3390/life13071460