Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lactose Differentially Affect Infant Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier In Vitro

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lactose Differentially Affect Infant Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier In Vitro

Background: The infant gut microbiota establishes during a critical window of opportunity when metabolic and immune functions are highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for instance are suggested to be beneficial for infant health and gut microb...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 12; p. 2546
Main Authors: Natividad, Jane Mea, Marsaux, Benoît, Rodenas, Clara Lucia Garcia, Rytz, Andreas, Vandevijver, Gies, Marzorati, Massimo, Van den Abbeele, Pieter, Calatayud, Marta, Rochat, Florence
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-06-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Babies
Baby foods
Breast milk
Breastfeeding & lactation
Complexity
Composition
Digestive system
Drug dosages
Ecosystems
Environmental changes
Epithelium
Feces
Fermented food
Gastrointestinal system
gut microbiota
Health aspects
Homeostasis
human milk oligosaccharides
Infant formulas
infant gut microbiota
Infants
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Lactose
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microorganisms
Milk
Mixtures
Morbidity
mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem
Nutritional aspects
Oligosaccharides
Pediatric research
Physiological aspects
prebiotic
Switzerland
Belgium
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Summary:Background: The infant gut microbiota establishes during a critical window of opportunity when metabolic and immune functions are highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for instance are suggested to be beneficial for infant health and gut microbiota. Infant formulas supplemented with the HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) reduce infant morbidity and medication use and promote beneficial bacteria in the infant gut ecosystem. To further improve infant formula and achieve closer proximity to human milk composition, more complex HMO mixtures could be added. However, we currently lack knowledge about their effects on infants’ gut ecosystems. Method: We assessed the effect of lactose, 2′-FL, 2′-FL + LNnT, and a mixture of six HMOs (HMO6: consisting of 2′-FL, LNnT, difucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose) on infant gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity using a combination of in vitro models to mimic the microbial ecosystem (baby M-SHIME®) and the intestinal epithelium (Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture). Results: All the tested products had bifidogenic potential and increased SCFA levels; however, only the HMOs’ fermented media protected against inflammatory intestinal barrier disruption. 2′-FL/LNnT and HMO6 promoted the highest diversification of OTUs within the Bifidobactericeae family, whereas beneficial butyrate-producers were specifically enriched by HMO6. Conclusion: These results suggest that increased complexity in HMO mixture composition may benefit the infant gut ecosystem, promoting different bifidobacterial communities and protecting the gut barrier against pro-inflammatory imbalances.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14122546