Varroa destructor infestation levels in Africanized honey bee colonies in Brazil from 1977 when first detected to 2020

The objectives of this review article were to examine the dynamics of Varroa destructor infestation levels in Africanized honey bees (AHB) in Brazil, since this parasitic mite was first detected in 1977. Data from published research articles, conference proceedings, congress abstracts, and unpublish...

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Published in:	Apidologie Vol. 54; no. 1
Main Authors:	Castilhos, Dayson, Polesso, Alana Maria, da Silva, Alany Cristyane Felix, dos Santos, Alexsandro Bispo, de Carvalho Lopes, Alice Tâmara, de Oliveira Filho, Aloísio Alkimim, da Cunha, Ana Flávia Santos, Puker, Anderson, Campos, Andréa Abreu Serrado, de Morais, Andreia Lopes, Modro, Anna Frida Hatsue, de Souza Moreira Pires, Arthur, Biasi, Caio, da Cruz Mercês, Carize, de Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes, da Silva Paiva, Charle, Pereira, Daniel Santiago, Souza, Darcet Costa, Soares, Diego Antônio Machado, de Araújo Neto, Edgar Rodrigues, de Souza, Eduardo Alves, Santos, Eliaber Barros, de Araújo, Endrigo Adonis Braga, Lima, Erica Gomes, Teixeira, Érica Weinstein, do Nascimento, Erika Gleice Menezes, Cappelari, Fabrício Alaor, Sobrinho, Fabricio Chagas, Fontes, Felipe Mendes, Olinto, Francisco Ariclenes, da Silva, Francisco Everton Jales, Bergamo, Genevile Carife, Rodrigues, Geraldo Aparecido, Moretto, Geraldo, Casadio, Giliola Maria Lima, Bogus, Gilson Marcos, de Carvalho, Gleidson Giordano Pinto, de Oliveira Neto, Gleydson Luiz, Castagnino, Guido, de Queiroz, Guilherme Sampaio, Pires, Gustavo Porfírio, da Silva, Hemilly Marques, de Souza Nunes, Hugo Thales, Oliveira, Ingrid Pereira Pinto, Rocha, Jean Samel, Banderó, Jefferson Luiz, de Albuquerque, João Gustavo Souza Sales, de Holanda Neto, João Paulo, Kastelic, John, Junior, José Carlos Vieira Guerra, da Costa, Joselly Rodrigues, de Jesus, Jossivanio Santos, Bendini, Juliana, Gramacho, Kátia Peres, Souza, Larissa, Leoni, Lavínia Nascimento, Cestaro, Lubiane Guimarães, da Silva Morais, Lucas, Dantas, Lucas Filipe Correia Franca, Serra, Luciano Santana, de Abreu, Lucilene, Borsuk, Luís Carlos, Pinto, Luís Fernando Batista, da Silva, Luiz Amilo, dos Anjos Lima, Luiz Arthur, Fogaça, Maicon José, Correia-Oliveira, Maria Emilene, Alves, Maria Luisa Teles Marques Florencio, Barreto, Marliton Rocha, Del Rey, Matheus Carvalho, de Oliveira Costa Barbosa, Matheus José, da Silva, Matheus Roberto, Vinhal-Silva, Natália, de Oliveira Gomes, Pâmela Tereza, Guimarães-Beelen, Patrícia Mendes, de Sousa, Patrick Oliveira, Costa, Paulo Sérgio Cavalcanti, de Souza, Pedro Acioli, Mendes, Raiane Barbosa, de Sousa Gomes, Renata Valéria Regis, Santos, Ricardo Gonçalves, Nascimento, Roberto Junior Teixeira, Silveira, Rodrigo Diniz, Cabral, Rodrigo Silva, Torres, Rodrigo, Beelen, Roger, Pereira, Rogério Aparecido, Cunha, Sabrina Aparecida, Estevan, Sarajane, de Assis Junior, Sebastião Lourenço, Maciel, Silel Vinicius Simões Andrade, da Silva, Silvio José Reis, Schafaschek, Tânia Patrícia, de Barros, Tatiane Amaral, Ruela, Tayana Holz, de Souza Vitena, Thaís Menezes, Bridi, Thaís Regina, Leite, Vagner Maximino, dos Reis, Vanderlei Doniseti Acassio, de Medeiros, Viviane Ferreira
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Paris Springer Paris 01-02-2023 Springer Nature B.V Springer Verlag
Subjects:	Apiculture Apis mellifera Beekeeping Bees Biomedical and Life Sciences Chemical treatment Colonies Entomology Environmental conditions Genetic factors Geographical variations Grooming Honey Hybridization Hygiene Infestation Invasive insects Life Sciences Mites Nutrient deficiency Review Article Varroa destructor Brazil nutrition climate varroa management Apis mellifera
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Summary:	The objectives of this review article were to examine the dynamics of Varroa destructor infestation levels in Africanized honey bees (AHB) in Brazil, since this parasitic mite was first detected in 1977. Data from published research articles, conference proceedings, congress abstracts, and unpublished data obtained from academic researchers was included. Although mite infestations varied significantly along the years, there were no indications that varroa negatively impacted Brazilian apiculture. The mean infestation levels have remained around 4.5 mites per 100 adult bees, with a median of 3.8, during the last 45 years. Adult bee and worker brood infestation rates were found to be similar, though with some geographical variation, including a tendency for higher infestations in the southern regions of the country. Various researchers have suggested that the low infestation levels could be a consequence of the tropical and subtropical climate, honey bee hybridization, grooming and hygienic behaviors, honey bee and mite genetic factors, low nutritional stress, management practices, low migratory stress, and environmental conditions. The lack of a need for chemical treatment of varroa infestations facilitates apiary management and favors organic beekeeping throughout the country. However, though AHB colonies and beekeeping in Brazil thrive without the need for treatment measures, more research should be conducted to better assess the impact that the low varroa mite infestations have on AHB colony health and productivity.
ISSN:	0044-8435 1297-9678
DOI:	10.1007/s13592-022-00984-9