Monovalent and trivalent VSV-based COVID-19 vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T cells against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Monovalent and trivalent VSV-based COVID-19 vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T cells against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccines expressing spike proteins of Wuhan, Beta, and/or Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 were generated and tested for induction of antibody and T cell immune responses following intramuscular delivery to mice. rVSV-Wuhan and rVSV-Delta vaccines and an rVS...

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Published in:iScience Vol. 26; no. 4; p. 106292
Main Authors: Parham, Kate A., Kim, Gyoung Nyoun, Richer, Connor G., Ninkov, Marina, Wu, Kunyu, Saeedian, Nasrin, Li, Yue, Rashu, Rasheduzzaman, Barr, Stephen D., Arts, Eric J., Haeryfar, S.M. Mansour, Kang, C. Yong, Troyer, Ryan M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 21-04-2023
The Author(s)
Elsevier
Subjects:
Immunology
Virology
Immunology
Virology
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Summary:Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccines expressing spike proteins of Wuhan, Beta, and/or Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 were generated and tested for induction of antibody and T cell immune responses following intramuscular delivery to mice. rVSV-Wuhan and rVSV-Delta vaccines and an rVSV-Trivalent (mixed rVSV-Wuhan, -Beta, -Delta) vaccine elicited potent neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against live SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan (USAWA1), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) viruses. Prime-boost vaccination with rVSV-Beta was less effective in this capacity. Heterologous boosting of rVSV-Wuhan with rVSV-Delta induced strong nAb responses against Delta and Omicron viruses, with the rVSV-Trivalent vaccine consistently effective in inducing nAbs against all the SARS-CoV-2 variants tested. All vaccines, including rVSV-Beta, elicited a spike-specific immunodominant CD8+ T cell response. Collectively, rVSV vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern may be considered in the global fight against COVID-19. [Display omitted] •Produced replication-competent rVSV-based vaccines with variant SARS-CoV-2 spikes•Variant vaccines elicited potent nAbs against diverse SARS-CoV-2 strains•Delta booster and Trivalent vaccines were superior to the original Wuhan spike vaccine•All vaccines elicited a spike-specific immunodominant CD8+ T cell response Immunology; Virology
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Lead Contact: rtroyer@uwo.ca
ISSN:2589-0042
2589-0042
DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106292