Measuring movements in adolescents with psychosis using the Microsoft Kinect sensor: a pilot study exploring a new tool for assessing aspects of antipsychotic‐induced parkinsonism

Background The assessment of motor disturbances in antipsychotic‐treated adolescent patients is often limited to the use of observer‐based rating scales with interobserver variability. The objectives of this pilot study were to measure movement patterns associated with antipsychotic‐induced parkinso...

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Published in:	Child and adolescent mental health Vol. 25; no. 2; pp. 79 - 94
Main Authors:	Rudå, Ditte, Einarsson, Gudmundur, Matthiassen, Jannik Boll, Correll, Christoph U., Jensen, Karsten Gjessing, Klauber, Dea Gowers, Richard, Clara Josefine, Andersen, Anne Sofie Schott, Krøigaard, Sabrina, Møllegaard Jepsen, Jens Richardt, Fagerlund, Birgitte, Winge, Kristian, Clemmesen, Line K. H., Pagsberg, Anne Katrine, Paulsen, Rasmus R., Fink‐Jensen, Anders
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-05-2020
Subjects:	Antipsychotics Brain diseases Child & adolescent psychiatry Information processing Motor skills Neurological disorders psychopharmacology Psychosis Psychotropic drugs rating scales Teenagers psychopharmacology rating scales Motor skills psychosis
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Summary:	Background The assessment of motor disturbances in antipsychotic‐treated adolescent patients is often limited to the use of observer‐based rating scales with interobserver variability. The objectives of this pilot study were to measure movement patterns associated with antipsychotic‐induced parkinsonism in young patients with psychosis and initiating/treated with antipsychotics, using a computer application connected with the Microsoft Kinect sensor (Motorgame). Method All participants were assessed by neurological examination, clinical side effect rating scales (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effect Rating Scale, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, Simpson Angus Scale (SAS), and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale), and the Motorgame. Furthermore, speed of information processing and motor speed with subtests from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia test battery was assessed. Results We included 21 adolescents with first‐episode psychosis (62% treated with antipsychotics; males 38%; mean age 16 ± 1.4 years) and 69 healthy controls (males 36%; mean age 16 ± 1.5 years). Prolonged time of motor performance (TOMP) in the Motorgame was associated with higher SAS scores for arm dropping (p = .009). A consistent practice effect was detected (p < .001). We found no significant associations between TOMP and age, height, body weight, sex, antipsychotic dosage, or information processing speed. Conclusions We found an uncorrected significant association between prolonged TOMP and shoulder bradykinesia. The Motorgame was found useful in assessing parkinsonian symptoms in early‐onset psychosis and accepted by participants. Future studies of larger cohorts, including patients with high scores in clinical motor side effect scales, are required to establish solid validity of the novel test.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1475-357X 1475-3588
DOI:	10.1111/camh.12360