Neuroprotection and immunomodulation by xenografted human mesenchymal stem cells following spinal cord ventral root avulsion

The present study investigates the effects of xenotransplantation of Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AT-MSCs) in animals after ventral root avulsion. AT-MSC has similar characteristics to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), such as immunomodulatory properties and expression of neuro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 5; no. 1; p. 16167
Main Authors:	Ribeiro, Thiago B., Duarte, Adriana S. S., Longhini, Ana Leda F., Pradella, Fernando, Farias, Alessandro S., Luzo, Angela C. M., Oliveira, Alexandre L. R., Olalla Saad, Sara Teresinha
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 09-11-2015 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	13 14 38 59 692/308 692/308/2171 Adipose tissue Adipose Tissue - cytology Adipose Tissue - transplantation Animals Astrocytes Bone marrow Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Heterografts Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Immunomodulation Inflammation Lesions Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Mesenchymal stem cells Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism Mesenchyme Microglia Motor Neurons - pathology Motor task performance multidisciplinary Nerve endings Nerve Regeneration Nervous system Neuroprotection Neurotrophic factors Radiculopathy - immunology Radiculopathy - metabolism Radiculopathy - pathology Radiculopathy - therapy Rats Rodents Science Skin & tissue grafts Spinal cord Spinal Cord - physiopathology Spinal Cord - transplantation Spinal Nerve Roots - physiopathology Stem cells Surgery Survival Synapses - immunology Synapses - metabolism Synapses - pathology Synaptophysin - metabolism T-Lymphocytes - immunology Xenografts
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Summary:	The present study investigates the effects of xenotransplantation of Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AT-MSCs) in animals after ventral root avulsion. AT-MSC has similar characteristics to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), such as immunomodulatory properties and expression of neurotrophic factors. In this study, Lewis rats were submitted to surgery for unilateral avulsion of the lumbar ventral roots and received 5 × 10 5 AT-MSCs via the lateral funiculus. Two weeks after cell administration, the animals were sacrificed and the moto neurons, T lymphocytes and cell defense nervous system were analyzed. An increased neuronal survival and partial preservation of synaptophysin-positive nerve terminals, related to GDNF and BDNF expression of AT-MSCs and reduction of pro-inflammatory reaction were observed. In conclusion, AT-MSCs prevent second phase neuronal injury, since they suppressed lymphocyte, astroglia and microglia effects, which finally contributed to rat motor-neuron survival and synaptic stability of the lesioned motor-neuron. Moreover, the survival of the injected AT- MSCs lasted for at least 14 days. These results indicate that neuronal survival after lesion, followed by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration, might occur through cytokine release and immunomodulation, thus suggesting that AT-MSCs are promising cells for the therapy of neuronal lesions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/srep16167