Activation/modulation of adaptive immunity emerges simultaneously after 17DD yellow fever first-time vaccination: is this the key to prevent severe adverse reactions following immunization

Over past decades the 17DD yellow fever vaccine has proved to be effective in controlling yellow fever and promises to be a vaccine vector for other diseases, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it elicits such broad-based immunity are still unclear. In this study we describe a detail...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Clinical and experimental immunology Vol. 148; no. 1; pp. 90 - 100
Main Authors:	Martins, M.Â, Silva, M.L, Marciano, A.P.V, Peruhype-Magalhães, V, Eloi-Santos, S.M, Ribeiro, J.G.L, Correa-Oliveira, R, Homma, A, Kroon, E.G, Teixeira-Carvalho, A, Martins-Filho, O.A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-04-2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Blackwell Science Inc
Subjects:	17DD vaccination Adult Antigens, CD - blood Antigens, CD19 - blood Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - blood B-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology Biological and medical sciences CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology Cell Adhesion Molecules - blood flow cytometry Flow Cytometry - methods Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fundamental immunology HLA-DR Antigens - blood Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunization - adverse effects Immunopathology Immunophenotyping Lectins, C-Type Lymphocyte Activation - immunology lymphocyte subsets Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology Medical sciences Middle Aged Translational Studies yellow fever Yellow Fever Vaccine - adverse effects Yellow Fever Vaccine - immunology Immunopathology Flow cytometry Immunization Acquired immunity Vaccination Cell subpopulation Infection Prevention lymphocyte subsets Immunology Viral disease Modulation Arbovirus disease Lymphocyte 17DD vaccination Yellow fever
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Summary:	Over past decades the 17DD yellow fever vaccine has proved to be effective in controlling yellow fever and promises to be a vaccine vector for other diseases, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it elicits such broad-based immunity are still unclear. In this study we describe a detailed phenotypic investigation of major and minor peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations aimed at characterizing the kinetics of the adaptive immune response following primary 17DD vaccination. Our major finding is a decreased frequency of circulating CD19⁺ cells at day 7 followed by emerging activation/modulation phenotypic features (CD19⁺interleukin(IL)10R⁺/CD19⁺CD32⁺) at day 15. Increased frequency of CD4⁺human leucocyte antigen D-related(HLA-DR⁺) at day 7 and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺ at day 30 suggest distinct kinetics of T cell activation, with CD4⁺ T cells being activated early and CD8⁺ T cells representing a later event following 17DD vaccination. Up-regulation of modulatory features on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells at day 15 seems to be the key event leading to lower frequency of CD38⁺ T cells at day 30. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the co-existence of phenotypic features associated with activation events and modulatory pathways. Positive correlations between CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺ cells and CD4⁺CD25high regulatory T cells and the association between the type 0 chemokine receptor CCR2 and the activation status of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells further support this hypothesis. We hypothesize that this controlled microenviroment seems to be the key to prevent the development of serious adverse events, and even deaths, associated with the 17DD vaccine reported in the literature.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03317.x ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0009-9104 1365-2249
DOI:	10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03317.x